Search results for "Inflammation."

Splenic Graulomatosis

2015

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References

Cross-talk between oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute pancreatitis: a key role for protein phosphatases.

2009

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process localized in the pancreatic gland that frequently involves peripancreatic tissues. It is still under investigation why an episode of acute pancreatitis remains mild affecting only the pancreas or progresses to a severe form leading to multiple organ failure and death. Proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress play a pivotal role in the early pathophysiological events of the disease. Cytokines such as interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha initiate and propagate almost all consequences of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. On the other hand, depletion of pancreatic glutathione is an early hallmark of acute pancreat…

Commentary: Circulating cytokines and risk stratification of stroke incidence--will we do better in future?

2008

Diabetic foot syndrome: Immune-inflammatory features as possible cardiovascular markers in diabetes

2015

Diabetic foot ulcerations have been extensively reported as vascular complications of diabetes mellitus associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS), as defined by the World Health Organization, is an "ulceration of the foot (distally from the ankle and including the ankle) associated with neuropathy and different grades of ischemia and infection". Pathogenic events able to cause diabetic foot ulcers are multifactorial. Among the commonest causes of this pathogenic pathway it's possible to consider peripheral neuropathy, foot deformity, abnormal foot pressures, abnormal joint mobility, trauma, peripheral artery disease. Several studies reported how …

Ink4/Arf locus restores glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice with impaired IRS2-dependent…

2015

Single nucleotide polymorphisms near the Ink4/Arf locus have been associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies indicate a protective role of the locus in the carbohydrate metabolism derangement associated with ageing in wild-type mice. The present study demonstrates that the increased Ink4/Arf locus expression in 1-year-old mice, partially-deficient for the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)2 (Irs2 +/-SuperInk4/Arf mice) ameliorates hepatic steatosis, inflammation and insulin resistance. Irs2 +/-SuperInk4/Arf mice displayed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared with Irs2 +/- mice which were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant compared with age-matched …

Cell immunity in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

2015

Numerous researches have detected immune cellular elements in coronary lesions of atherosclerotic origin in human and animal models, and these cells are suspected of contributing to plaque instability. Patients affected by acute coronary syndrome present high levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, as shown in numerous studies. This finding implies similarity between CAD and well-known immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Due to incongruent findings, this “infection hypothesis” cannot be rejected, thus further research is needed to better understand the relationship between pathogen-induced chronic inflammatory response, with its pathogenic mechanisms, and the atherosclerotic process. Sever…

Advances in antioxidant phytochemical for inflammatory skin diseases: mangiferin and naringin nanocarriers based lipids

2020

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases are the most common topical disorders and the fourth cause of global disability. Among all, psoriasis (PS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are the most frequent chronic and recurrent inflammatory diseases of the skin. Atopic dermatitis has a strong Th2 factor while psoriasis is a disease driven by Th17. The actual treatment, which involve the combination of topical, systemic and biological therapy, is characterized by numerous adverse effects, which reduce patient compliance, lead to the limitation of long-term use and limit the therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, there is a great need for the continuous development of novel, effective and safe coadjuvant treatmen…

Cellular and Molecular Signatures of Oxidative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cell Models Injured by Cigarette Smoke Extract

2022

Exposure of the airways epithelium to environmental insults, including cigarette smoke, results in increased oxidative stress due to unbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants. Oxidative stress is a feature of inflammation and promotes the progression of chronic lung diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Increased oxidative stress leads to exhaustion of antioxidant defenses, alterations in autophagy/mitophagy and cell survival regulatory mechanisms, thus promoting cell senescence. All these events are amplified by the increase of inflammation driven by oxidative stress. Several models of bronchial epithelial cells are used to study the molec…

Timing effect of intramyocardial hydrogel injection for positively impacting left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction

2015

Intramyocardial injection of various injectable hydrogel materials has shown benefit in positively impacting the course of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, since LV remodeling is a complex, time dependent process, the most efficacious time of hydrogel injection is not clear. In this study, we injected a relatively stiff, thermoresponsive and bioabsorbable hydrogel in rat hearts at 3 different time points - immediately after MI (IM), 3 d post-MI (3D), and 2 w post-MI (2W), corresponding to the beginnings of the necrotic, fibrotic and chronic remodeling phases. The employed left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model showed expected infar…

Role of neuroinflammation in ethanol neurotoxicity

2019

Abstract Alcohol is a neurotoxic compound whose abuse can cause alterations in brain structure and functions, although these effects are more dramatic while the brain develops. The molecular mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of alcohol are complex and remain largely unknown. Current evidence from human and animal studies supports the role of the neuroimmune system in many actions of ethanol on the central nervous system, including neurotoxicity. Different studies have shown that, by activating innate immune receptors TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and (NOD)-like receptors (inflammasome NLRs) in glial cells, alcohol triggers signaling pathways which culminate in the production of pro-inflammatory…