Search results for "Inflammation."
showing 10 items of 2627 documents
Potential of the EPA/DHA 6/1 formulation to prevent endothelial dysfunction and cardiopulmonary remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats
2016
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular failure. Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress promote the development of pulmonary hypertension. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) have been shown to protect the cardiovascular system and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study evaluate the potential of EPA:DHA 6:1 to prevent monocrotaline-induced PAH in rats. EPA:DHA 6:1 treatment (500 mg/kg/d, p.o) prevented the MCT-induced mean pul…
Death in the substantia nigra: a motor tragedy
2007
It is well known that the death of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common and disabling condition in the expanding elderly population. Nevertheless, the intracellular cascade of events leading to dopamine cell death is still unknown and, consequently, treatment is largely symptomatic rather than preventive. Moreover, the mechanisms whereby nigral dopaminergic neurons may degenerate still remain controversial. Hitherto, several data have shown that the earlier cellular disturbances occurring in dopaminergic neurons include oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, inflammation, mitochondrial dy…
Oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
2017
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, have important extraintestinal manifestations, notably in the oral cavity. These oral manifestations can constitute important clinical clues in the diagnosis and management of IBD, and include changes at the immune and bacterial levels. Aphthous ulcers, pyostomatitis vegetans, cobblestoning and gingivitis are important oral findings frequently observed in IBD patients. Their presentations vary considerably and might be well diagnosed and distinguished from other oral lesions. Infections, drug side effects, deficiencies in some nutrients and many other diseases involved with oral manifestations should also b…
Association between Inflammatory Markers and Clinical and Metabolic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
2009
Association between Inflammatory Markers and Clinical and Metabolic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases The inflammatory reaction plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The clinical significance of the main inflammatory markers — C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1), etc. — has not been fully established. CRP, IL6, TNF-α, and PAI1 were assessed in 100 patients in terms of certain clinical indicators (sex, obesity indicators, blood pressure, and heart rate), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), trig…
Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia
2009
Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia Chronic low-grade inflammation with subsequent impairment of immune system function promotes the development of age-related diseases, such as cancers, degenerative and infection diseases. It is not yet clear, if exposure to ionising radiation accelerates the aging process. The aim of the present work was to estimate the production of several cytokines by peripheral blood cells of Latvia's Chernobyl clean-up workers depending on age. ELISA was employed to determine the plasma level of sIL-1β and sIL-6 as well as level of IL-4 and TNF-α spontaneous and 24h and 96h after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mo…
Unraveling the T-B tangle in anti-CD20 multiple sclerosis therapy.
2019
Significance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. CD8+ T cells have been strongly implicated in MS pathogenesis, but it is unclear whether myelin is a CD8+ T cell autoantigenic target in MS. This study demonstrated that while myelin-specific CD8+ T cells are present at similar frequencies in untreated MS patients and healthy subjects, the proportion of memory and CD20-expressing myelin-specific CD8+ T cells was increased in MS patients, suggesting prior antigen encounter. This activated phenotype was reversible as the memory and CD20-expressing populations of certain myelin-specific CD8+ T cells were reduced following anti-CD20 trea…
Remyelinating strategies in multiple sclerosis.
2014
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS characterized by infiltration of immune cells and progressive damage to myelin sheaths and neurons. In recent years, the importance of the neuronal compartment in the early pathology of multiple sclerosis has become increasingly clear. Direct axonal damage within the early stages of inflammation as well as neuronal injury as a result of chronic demyelination are essential factors for the development of long-term disability in patients. Viewing MS as both inflammatory and neurodegenerative has significant implications for treatment, with remyelination of denuded axons to protect neurons from dam…
Neuronal injury in chronic CNS inflammation.
2010
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration. Neurological symptoms include sensory disturbances, optic neuritis, limb weakness, ataxia, bladder dysfunction, cognitive deficits and fatigue. Pathophysiology The inflammation process with MS is promoted by several inflammatory cytokines produced by the immune cells themselves and local resident cells like activated microglia. Consecutive damaging pathways involve the transmigration of activated B lymphocytes and plasma cells, which synthesize antibodies against the myelin sheath, boost the immune atta…
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: novel treatment strategies.
2012
In recent years it has become clear that the neuronal compartment already plays an important role early in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuronal injury in the course of chronic neuroinflammation is a key factor in determining long-term disability in patients. Viewing MS as both inflammatory and neurodegenerative has major implications for therapy, with CNS protection and repair needed in addition to controlling inflammation. Here, the authors' review recently elucidated molecular insights into inflammatory neuronal/axonal pathology in MS and discuss the resulting options regarding neuroprotective and regenerative treatment strategies.
Multiple sclerosis patients show an increased spontaneous activity of their peripheral blood monocytes as measured by chemiluminescence
1983
I has been reported that myelin basic protein (BP) reacts extremely sensitively to peroxide, which is formed when monocytes/macrophages are stimulated to produce a "respiratory burst" (RB). We measured the RB activity by means of chemiluminescence in peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MO) of 17 MS patients, 5 patients with a viral infection of the CNS, and 14 control persons. The median of the spontaneous RB activity of MS patients compared with the median of our control group showed a highly significant increase (P = 0.0002). All MS patients examined possessed a clearly increased MO activity. The highest values, however, were found in MS patients in a bout (means = 315%, means = 296%)…