Search results for "Inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
Anti-inflammatory activity of 5-O-demethylnobiletin, a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Sideritis tragoriganum.
2006
We have studied the effect of 5- O-demethylnobiletin ( 1) on both the inflammation of mouse ears induced by repeated application of 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and the acute mouse paw oedemas induced by carrageenan and phospholipase A (2) (PLA (2)), and determined its activity on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and elastase release/activity. Compound 1 reduced the oedema formation, cell infiltration, and tissue damage in the inflammation induced by TPA in mouse ears, along with the acute oedema induced by carrageenan in mouse paws and the acute PLA (2)-induced oedema in mouse paws. The flavone inhibited leukotriene B (4) formation in rat neutrophils and elastase release in human neut…
Kaempferol as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent: current therapeutic standing
2020
Inflammation is a physiological response to different pathological, cellular or vascular damages due to physical, chemical or mechanical trauma. It is characterized by pain, redness, heat and swelling. Current natural drugs are carefully chosen as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory diseases. Different phytochemical constituents are present in natural products. These phytochemicals have high efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. Among them, flavonoids occur in many foods, vegetables and herbal medicines and are considered as the most active constituent, having the ability to attenuate inflammation. Kaempferol is a polyphenol that is richly found in fruits, vegetabl…
COX-2, Another Important Player in the Nitric Oxide–Endothelin Cross-Talk
2006
See related article, pages 1439–1445 Traditionally, the role of the endothelium was thought to be primarily that of a selective barrier to the diffusion of macromolecules from the vessel lumen to the interstitial space. During the past 20 years, numerous additional roles for the endothelium have been defined such as regulation of vascular tone, modulation of inflammation, promotion as well as inhibition of vascular growth, and modulation of platelet aggregation and coagulation. Endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic feature of patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic smoking. More recent studies indicate that i…
Up-and-Coming Markers: Myeloperoxidase, a Novel Biomarker Test for Heart Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Application?
2008
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a mammalian enzyme responsible for generation of hypochlorite. The advantage of myeloperoxidase for use as a biomarker in the setting of heart failure and acute coronary syndrome is the early increase of MPO concentration in response to the acute event. In the setting of heart failure the reported independency of coronary artery disease and general inflammation, as indicated by MPO concentration in comparison to other inflammatory markers or in subgroups of patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, has to be highlighted. In terms of ACS, inclusion of MPO into a multiple marker strategy might add to enhance diagnosis and therapy decision making. Therefo…
Topical application of the adenosine A2Areceptor agonist CGS-21680 prevents phorbol-induced epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation in mice
2014
The nucleoside adenosine is a known regulator of immunity and inflammation that mediates, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory effect of methotrexate, an immunosuppressive agent widely used to treat autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Adenosine A2A receptors play a key role in the inhibition of the inflammatory process besides promoting wound healing. Therefore, we aimed to determine the topical effect of a selective agonist, CGS-21680, on a murine model of skin hyperplasia with a marked inflammatory component. Pretreatment with either CGS-21680 (5 μg per site) or the reference agent dexamethasone (200 μg/site) prevented the epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory response induced by topica…
Adenosine receptor agonists for promotion of dermal wound healing
2008
Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process that involves a well-coordinated, highly regulated series of events including inflammation, tissue formation, revascularization and tissue remodeling. However, this orderly sequence is impaired in certain pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, venous insufficiency, chronic glucocorticoid use, aging and malnutrition. Together with proper wound care, promotion of the healing process is the primary objective in the management of chronic poorly healing wounds. Recent studies have demonstrated that A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists promote wound healing in normal and diabetic animals and one such agonist, Sonedenoson, is currently …
The Role of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Obesity-Related Inflammatory Diseases
2010
Obesity is an energy-rich condition associated with overnutrition, which impairs systemic metabolic homeostasis and elicits stress. It also activates an inflammatory process in metabolically active sites, such as white adipose tissue, liver, and immune cells. As consequence, increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, hormone-like molecules, and other inflammatory markers are induced. This determines a chronic active inflammatory condition, associated with the development of the obesity-related inflammatory diseases. This paper describes the role of adipose tissue and the biological effects of many adipokines in these diseases.
Nutritional Status in Aging and Lung Disease
2016
Abstract Lung diseases exert a negative impact on nutritional status, especially among older patients where aging per se is already associated with relevant changes in nutrient intake, metabolism, and body composition. Both respiratory (increased respiratory work, hypoxia, and local oxidative stress and inflammation) and nonrespiratory (sarcopenia, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and anabolic hormones, balance of orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides, and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress) contribute to the association between lung diseases and malnutrition. For these reasons, nutritional assessments are of paramount importance in older patients with lung diseases. Current evidenc…
Stem cells and new intervention measures as emerging therapy in cardiac surgery
2020
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) presents a great burden for elderly patients, their caregivers, and health systems. Structural and functional alterations of vessels accumulate throughout life, culminating in increased risk of developing CVD. Several inflammatory pathway are involved in vascular ageing. The growing elderly population worldwide highlights the need to understand how aging promotes CVD in order to develop new strategies to confront this challenge. In this review we analyzed the role of stem cells and new intervention measures as emerging drugs for vascular aging.Choroby układu krążenia (CVD) są ogromnym obciążeniem dla osób w podeszłym wieku i ich opiekunów, a także systemów opiek…
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide is associated with more severe asthma
2018
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels are used as a marker of airway inflammation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate a possible relationship between FeNO and parameters of asthma control and severity in different asthma phenotypes. FeNO was evaluated in 200 asthma patients (37% male, mean age ± SD 54±15 years, 19% controlled (GINA), 30% treated with oral corticosteroids (OCS), median FEV1 (interquartile range) 2,05 L (1,49-2,70), 74% pred. (56-90%)), together with other asthma characteristics (lung function, asthma control, allergies, serum IgE, serum ECP, and blood eosinophils). Patients with poorly controlled asthma had significantly higher FeNO values (ACQ-5≥1.5 vs. 70%…