Search results for "Inflammatory Bowel diseases"
showing 10 items of 209 documents
Replenishment of glutathione levels improves mucosal function in experimental acute colitis.
2000
Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as mediators of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the purpose of the present work was to determine the functional role of mucosal GSH in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in 50% ethanol (TNBS+ethanol)-induced colitis in rats. Mucosal samples were taken to evaluate the temporal relationship between the extent of injury, the levels of glutathione (GSH) during acute colitis induced by TNBS+ethanol, and the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration. In vitro assays revealed the interaction of TNBS with GSH leading to the almost instantaneous disappearance of GSH, while the reductive metabolism of TNBS by GSSG reductase generated RO…
Wheat Consumption Aggravates Colitis in Mice via Amylase Trypsin Inhibitor–mediated Dysbiosis
2020
Background & Aims Wheat has become the world's major staple and its consumption correlates with prevalence of noncommunicable disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), a component of wheat, activate the intestine's innate immune response via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We investigated the effects of wheat and ATIs on severity of colitis and fecal microbiota in mice. Methods C57BL/6 wild-type and Tlr4–/– mice were fed wheat- or ATI-containing diets or a wheat-free (control) diet and then given dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis; we also studied Il10–/– mice, which develop spontaneous colitis. Changes in fecal bacteria were assessed by taxa-speci…
Bone status assessed by quantitative ultrasound in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison with DXA
2016
Background: To determine the bone status in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement at hand phalanges and compare the obtained results with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Fifty-one children with IBD underwent DXA and QUS measurements at hand phalanges in the year 2013. The control group for the QUS consisted of 460 children. Reference data for DXA comes from Hologic Explorer. Results: QUS measurements did not differ significantly between IBD patients and healthy controls. There was no difference between UC and CD subjects. DXA measurements in patients with IBD were lower than in the healthy population. Tanner stage an…
Inflammatory bowel disease in patients over the age of 70y. Does the disease duration influence its behavior?
2018
Introduction: The fastest growing segment of our population is that of people above 70 years of age. Elderly patients with IBD exhibit several specific problems. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical course, the side effects of the treatments and the need for surgery of elderly patients, regardless of the age of onset.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study wherein retrospective data were collected from multiple centers from seven hospitals within the Valencia metropolitan area. Data were collected on patients older than 70y with inflammatory bowel disease.Results: We identified a total of 331 patients older than 70 years of age (5.3% of patients monitored at our center…
Understanding the delayed onset of action of azathioprine in IBD: are we there yet?
2009
In this issue of Gut , Ben-Horin et al propose an innovative explanation for the well known phenomenon of the delayed onset of action of thiopurines ( see page 396 ). They thereby contribute to an improved insight into the exact mode of action of the classic immunosuppressive drug azathioprine.1 Developing azathioprine as an innovative immunosuppressive drug in 1957, Gertrude Elion and George Hitchings laid the basis for the currently utilised concept of steroid-sparing treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).2 With regard to the evidence-based immunosuppressive capacity and clinical efficacy of azathioprine in the context of IBD as well as considering the proven long-term…
Skeletal status assessed by quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in children with inflammatory bowel disease: A 2-year prospe…
2019
PURPOSE To assess the bone status in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and after two years of adequate treatment of the IBD and bone protection medication. METHODS Sixteen children (six boys) with IBD, aged 13.4±2.4 years, were examined at baseline and two years later. DXA was used to asses bone mineral density (BMD) and reference data were provided by the device's manufacturer (Hologic Explorer). QUS measurements were performed in patients and controls - 48 healthy children. RESULTS Mean Z-scores for TB- and s-BMD were significantly below zero for both, baseline and follow-u…
Protection against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colonic inflammation in mice by the marine products bolinaquinone and petrosaspongioli…
2005
Proinflammatory mediators, namely eicosanoids, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cytokines, are clearly involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal bowel disease. bolinaquinone (BQ) and petrosaspongiolide M (PT), two marine products with potent anti-inflammatory action, have been shown to control the production of mediators in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Hence, we have tested here the hypothesis that BQ and PT could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in Balb/c mice. BQ and PT were given orally in doses of 10 or 20mg/kg/day. Treatment of the animals with BQ or PT at the highest dose signifi…
Stepwise Regulation of TH1 Responses in Autoimmunity: Il-12-Related Cytokines and Their Receptors
2005
Interleukin (IL)-12 is a key cytokine of cell-mediated immune responses. Until recently, IL-12 was believed to be unique in its ability to induce the differentiation of naive T cells toward the TH1 phenotype and in its pathogenic activity, as shown in various disease models including inflammatory bowel disease. However, recently, 2 additional cytokines closely related to IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27, were discovered. Until then, the role of IL-12 was overestimated because it was believed that the p40 subunit was unique to IL-12. The discovery that IL-12 shares p40 with IL-23 and that IL-23 but not IL-12 is essential in models of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity led to a model in which IL-12 …
Fas signaling-mediated T
2018
Fas induces apoptosis in activated T cell to maintain immune homeostasis, but the effects of non-apoptotic Fas signaling on T cells remain unclear. Here we show that Fas promotes TH9 cell differentiation by activating NF-κB via Ca2+-dependent PKC-β activation. In addition, PKC-β also phosphorylates p38 to inactivate NFAT1 and reduce NFAT1-NF-κB synergy to promote the Fas-induced TH9 transcription program. Fas ligation exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease by increasing TH9 cell differentiation, and promotes antitumor activity in p38 inhibitor-treated TH9 cells. Furthermore, low-dose p38 inhibitor suppresses tumor growth without inducing systemic adverse effects. In patients with tumor, rel…
T-bet as a possible therapeutic target in autoimmune disease
2002
The prominent role of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by T helper-1 (T(H1)) cells in regulating autoimmune responses in vitro and in vivo has been demonstrated. Recent observations of T cell polarisation by regulatory transcription factors--especially T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells)--raise the question of their influence in controlling autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors summarise recent observations of the role of T-bet in controlling chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and discuss the implications of these findings for future therapeutic approaches.