Search results for "Inflammatory cytokine"
showing 10 items of 464 documents
Effects of Two Months of Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, and Blood Parameters in Competitive …
2021
Background: Ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach that restricts daily carbohydrates, replacing most of the reduced energy with fat, while maintaining an adequate quantity of protein. Despite the widespread use of KD in weight loss in athletes, there are still many concerns about its use in sports requiring muscle mass accrual. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the influence of a KD in competitive natural body builders. Methods: Nineteen volunteers (27.4 ±
The platelets’ perspective to pathogen reduction technologies
2017
A wide variety of clinical conditions, associated with low circulating platelet counts, require platelet transfusion in order to normalize hemostatic function. Although single-donor apheresis platelets bear the lowest risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) are being implemented worldwide to reduce this risk further through inactivation of known, emergent and as yet to be discovered nucleic acid-based pathogens. Human blood platelets are now known to harbor a diverse transcriptome, important to their function and comprised of >5000 protein-coding messenger RNAs and different classes of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs. Our appreciation of the nu…
Leukocyte–platelet aggregates—a phenotypic characterization of different stages of peripheral arterial disease
2016
The formation of monocyte-platelet aggregates and neutrophil-platelet aggregates (MPA and NPA, respectively) is influenced by inflammation, but also might contribute to an exacerbation of inflammatory responses in atherosclerotic plaque. The purpose of this study was to analyze MPA and NPA proportions in regard to different stages of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Forty-five patients with intermittent claudication (IC) (3 groups: Rutherford (R)-1, R-2, and R-3; each n = 15), 20 patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) (Rutherford 5 (40%) and 6 (60%)), and 20 healthy controls were studied. Analyses of monocyte (Mon) subpopulations (CD14++CD16- (classical) Mon1, CD14++CD16+ (intermediat…
Transforming growth factors (TGF-alpha and TGF-beta1) in the determination of vitality and wound age: immunohistochemical study on human skin wounds.
2002
In continuation of former investigations on proinflammatory cytokines, in the present study the relevance of the transforming growth factors TGF-alpha and TGF-beta1 was evaluated for the diagnosis of vitality and wound age. Paraffin sections from human skin wounds due to sharp force influence, which had been collected in operations and autopsies, were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The wound age varied from a few minutes to a maximum of 6 weeks with focus on the early post-traumatic interval up to 5h. Samples from uninjured skin were available as controls. TGF-alpha (n=74) was weakly expressed in normal skin and showed a marked increase in epidermal reactivity after a wound age of…
Macrophage-mediated angiogenic activation of outgrowth endothelial cells in co-culture with primary osteoblasts.
2014
The successful vascularisation of complex tissue engineered constructs for bone regeneration is still a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. In this context, co-culture systems of endothelial cells and osteoblasts represent a promising approach to advance the formation of a stable vasculature as well as an excellent in vitro model to identify factors that positively influence bone healing processes, including angiogenesis. Under physiological conditions, the activation phase of angiogenesis is mainly induced by hypoxia or inflammation. Inflammatory cells such as macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic growth factors, finally leading to the formation of…
Microglial involvement in neuroplastic changes following focal brain ischemia in rats.
2009
The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is a complex sequence of events including inflammatory reaction, for which the microglia appears to be a major cellular contributor. However, whether post-ischemic activation of microglial cells has beneficial or detrimental effects remains to be elucidated, in particular on long term brain plasticity events. The objective of our study was to determine, through modulation of post-stroke inflammatory response, to what extent microglial cells are involved in some specific events of neuronal plasticity, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. Since microglia is a source of neurotrophic factors, the identification of the brain-derived neurophic factor (BDNF) as…
IL-17A induces chromatin remodeling promoting IL-8 release in bronchial epithelial cells: Effect of Tiotropium
2016
Abstract Aims IL-17A plays a key role in the persistence of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduction of steroid-sensitivity in COPD. We studied the effect of IL-17A on chromatin remodeling and IL-8 production. Main methods We measured the levels of IL-8 and IL-17A in induced sputum supernatants (ISS) from healthy controls (HCs), healthy smokers (HSs), and COPD patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) was stimulated with ISS from HCs, HSs, or COPD subjects. IL-8 was evaluated in 16HBE by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), acetyl histone H3 (Ac-His H3) (k9) and inhi…
Systemic Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome: Increased Platelet and Leukocyte Activation, and Key Role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 Axes in Arteria…
2019
Background: Metabolic syndrome is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, which is a key driver of premature atherosclerosis. We characterized immune cell behavior in metabolic syndrome, its consequences, and the potential involvement of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 chemokine axes. Methods: Whole blood from 18 patients with metabolic syndrome and 21 age-matched controls was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the leukocyte immunophenotypes, activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and CX3CR1 expression. ELISA determined the plasma marker levels. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-&alpha
The effect of adhesives on inflammatory immune-markers during renal injury healing
2017
Renal injury is common in abdominal trauma. Adhesives and sealants can be used to repair and preserve damaged organs. We describe the effect of three biomaterial treatments (TachoSil, GelitaSpon, and Adhflex) on injured renal tissue. Renal traumatic injuries were experimentally induced in male Wistar rats (n = 90) using a punch. Animals were divided into five groups: (1) sham noninjured (n = 3) and punch injury groups; (2) nontreated (n = 6); (3) TachoSil (n = 27); (4) GelitaSpon (n = 27); and (5) Adhflex (n = 27). Wound healing was evaluated 2, 6, and 18 days postinjury by inflammatory cytokines response, histopathological evolution of lesions, inflammatory reaction markers (CD68), and vas…
SOCS3 transactivation by PPARγ prevents IL-17-driven cancer growth.
2013
Abstract Activation of the transcription factor PPARγ by the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is implicated in controlling proinflammatory cytokine secretion, but the intracellular signaling pathways engaged by PPARγ are incompletely characterized. Here, we identify the adapter-encoding gene SOCS3 as a critical transcriptional target of PPARγ. SOCS3 promoter binding and gene transactivation by PPARγ was associated with a repression in differentiation of proinflammatory T-helper (TH)17 cells. Accordingly, TH17 cells induced in vitro displayed increased SOCS3 expression and diminished capacity to produce interleukin (IL)-17 following activation of PPARγ by DHA. Furthermore, naïve CD4…