Search results for "Information processing"
showing 10 items of 163 documents
Framework for complex quantum state generation and coherent control based on on-chip frequency combs
2018
Integrated frequency combs introduce a scalable framework for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum states (including multi-photon and high-dimensional states), using only standard silicon chip and fiber telecommunications components.
Optical quantum information processing and storage
2018
Here we report our recent experimental progresses in optical quantum information processing. In particular, the following topics are included. First, we extend the heralding scheme to multi-mode states and demonstrate heralded creation of qutrit states. Next, we demonstrate storage of single-photon states and synchronized release of them. Then, we demonstrate real-time acquisition of quadrature values of heralded states by making use of an exponentially rising shape of wave-packets. Finally, we demonstrate cluster states in an arbitrarily long chain in the longitudinal direction.
Collaboration and Decision-Making in Context
2016
The goal of this chapter is to provide a historical account of the evolutions in the domain of the book and to set the stage for the concepts and solutions to be presented in the following chapters, including the introduction of the terminology adopted to be used throughout this text. Consequently, we aim at providing the answers to a series of questions, such as: (a) “How the organizations have been evolving over the last decades?”, (b) “Which have been the corresponding trends of the management and control schemes?”, (c) “How management and control functions are allocated to human and automation equipment?”, (d) “Which are the desirable properties of the information processing tools meant…
Types of Mimetics for the Design of Intelligent Technologies
2019
Mimetic design means using a source in the natural or artificial worlds as an inspiration for technological solutions. It is based around the abstraction of the relevant operating principles in a source domain. This means that one must be able to identify the correct level of analysis and extract the relevant patterns. How this should be done is based on the type of source. From a mimetic perspective, if the design goal is intelligent technology, an obvious source of inspiration is human information processing, which we have called cognitive mimetics. This article offers some conceptual clarification on the nature of cognitive mimetics by contrasting it with biomimetics in the context of in…
Spectral entropy based neuronal network synchronization analysis based on microelectrode array measurements
2016
Synchrony and asynchrony are essential aspects of the functioning of interconnected neuronal cells and networks. New information on neuronal synchronization can be expected to aid in understanding these systems. Synchronization provides insight in the functional connectivity and the spatial distribution of the information processing in the networks. Synchronization is generally studied with time domain analysis of neuronal events, or using direct frequency spectrum analysis, e.g., in specific frequency bands. However, these methods have their pitfalls. Thus, we have previously proposed a method to analyze temporal changes in the complexity of the frequency of signals originating from differ…
Mechanisms of Hierarchical Cortical Maturation
2017
Cortical information processing is structurally and functionally organized into hierarchical pathways, with primary sensory cortical regions providing modality specific information and associative cortical regions playing a more integrative role. Historically, there has been debate as to whether primary cortical regions mature earlier than associative cortical regions, or whether both primary and associative cortical regions mature simultaneously. Identifying whether primary and associative cortical regions mature hierarchically or simultaneously will not only deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate brain maturation, but it will also provide fundamental insight into aspects…
Performance Assessment of Critical Thinking: Conceptualization, Design, and Implementation
2020
Enhancing students’ critical thinking (CT) skills is an essential goal of higher education. This article presents a systematic approach to conceptualizing and measuring CT. CT generally comprises the following mental processes: identifying, evaluating, and analyzing a problem; interpreting information; synthesizing evidence; and reporting a conclusion. We further posit that CT also involves dealing with dilemmas involving ambiguity or conflicts among principles and contradictory information. We argue that performance assessment provides the most realistic—and most credible—approach to measuring CT. From this conceptualization and construct definition, we describe one possible framework for …
Cognitive dysfunction in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
2006
Cognitive dysfunction is considered one of the clinical markers of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, in the literature there are inconsistent reports on the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, and separate data for the relapsing-remitting (RR) type of the disease are not always presented. In this study, we submitted 461 RRMS patients to a battery of neuropsychological tests to investigate their impairment in various cognitive domains. As a consequence of the exclusion criteria, the sample is not fully representative of the entire population of RRMS patients. In this selected sample, when only the eight scores of a core battery (Mental Deterioration Battery) were considered (with respectiv…
Automatic and controlled processing of acoustic and phonetic contrasts
2003
Changes in the temporal properties of the speech signal provide important cues for phoneme identification. An impairment or inability to detect such changes may adversely affect one's ability to understand spoken speech. The difference in meaning between the Finnish words tuli (fire) and tuuli (wind), for example, lies in the difference between the duration of the vowel /u/. Detecting changes in the temporal properties of the speech signal, therefore, is critical for distinguishing between phonemes and identifying words. In the current study, we tested whether detection of changes in speech sounds, in native Finnish speakers, would vary as a function of the position within the word that the…
The role of verbal ability in the processing of complex verbal information.
1994
This study investigated the relation between psychometric mental-ability test scores and several reaction-time measures; a simple-reaction task, a choice-reaction task, the Posner and Mitchell (1967) letter-identification task, and a variation of the sentence-verification task. Scores on the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Verbal Subtest of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SATV) were obtained. The less complex information-processing tasks replicate earlier studies in which general intelligence was only marginally related to reaction-time measures. The sentence-verification task systematically varied task complexity. Several direct and derived measures from the task were significant…