Search results for "Inhibition"
showing 10 items of 590 documents
Cortical network mechanisms of response inhibition
2020
SummaryBoth the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) are crucial for successful response inhibition. However, the particular functional roles of those two regions have been controversially debated for more than a decade now. It is unclear whether the rIFG directly initiates stopping or serves an attentional function, whereas the stopping is triggered by the pre-SMA. The current multimodal MEG/fMRI study sought to clarify the role and temporal activation order of both regions in response inhibition using a selective stopping task. This task dissociates inhibitory from attentional processes. Our results reliably reveal a temporal precedence of rIF…
Author response: ON selectivity in the Drosophila visual system is a multisynaptic process involving both glutamatergic and GABAergic inhibition
2019
Psychological predictors of homophobic bullying among adolescents and young adults: The role of parental psychological control and sensation seeking
2021
AbstractWe aimed to investigate the relationship between homophobic bullying, parental psychological control and sensation seeking among adolescents and young adults and to examine the mediating role of sensation seeking. The participants included 394 adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 20 years attending the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of two public high schools in Italian cities. Participants completed the Homophobic Bullying Scale, the Dependency—oriented and Achievement—oriented Parental Psychological Control, and the Sensation—Seeking Scale. The results showed that parental psychological control predicted bullying toward gay and lesbian people. However, the two dimensions of sensation s…
A computational approach for the assessment of executive functions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
2019
Previous studies on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) showed impairments in executive domains, particularly in cognitive inhibition. In this perspective, the use of virtual reality showed huge potential in the assessment of executive functions; however, unfortunately, to date, no study on the assessment of these patients took advantage of the use of virtual environments. One of the main problems faced within assessment protocols is the use of a limited number of variables and tools when tailoring a personalized program. The main aim of this study was to provide a heuristic decision tree for the future development of tailored assessment protocols. To this purpose, we conducted a study that…
Strategies to gain novel Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics and therapeutics using modulators of ABCA transporters
2021
Adenosine-triphosphate-(ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins are ubiquitously present membrane-bound efflux pumps that distribute endo- and xenobiotics across intra- and intercellular barriers. Discovered over 40 years ago, ABC transporters have been identified as key players in various human diseases, such as multidrug-resistant cancer and atherosclerosis, but also neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer���s disease (AD). Most prominent and well-studied are ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2, not only due to their contribution to the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in cancer, but also due to their contribution to AD. However, our understanding of other ABC transporters is limited…
Considering syntrophic acetate oxidation and ionic strength improves the performance of models for food waste anaerobic digestion.
2021
Current mechanistic anaerobic digestion (AD) models cannot accurately represent the underlying processes occurring during food waste (FW) AD. This work presents an update of the Anaerobic Digestion Model no. 1 (ADM1) to provide accurate estimations of free ammonia concentrations and related inhibition thresholds, and model syntrophic acetate oxidation as acetate-consuming pathway. A modified Davies equation predicted NH3 concentrations and pH more accurately, and better estimated associated inhibitory limits. Sensitivity analysis results showed the importance of accurate disintegration kinetics and volumetric mass transfer coefficients, as well as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and hydrogen up…
Metabolic signatures across the full spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
2022
Funder: European Commission
Influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid on baclofen intestinal absorption.
1994
Since previous studies suggested that baclofen absorption in the rat middle intestine was inhibited by beta-alanine and therefore mediated, at least in part, by the beta-aminoacid carrier, we focused our new studies on the analysis of the possible inhibition of the drug by a gamma-aminoacid model compound, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). A rat jejunum in situ study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of GABA on baclofen absorption and to establish the inhibition model. Assays using isotonic perfusion solutions of 0.5 mM baclofen with starting GABA concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mM are reported. The results show that the absorption rate pseudoconstants of the drug decrease a…
Partially competitive inhibition of intestinal baclofen absorption by beta-alanine, a nonessential dietary aminoacid.
1991
In situ intestinal absorption of baclofen in the rat in the presence of beta-alanine has been investigated. Through the perfusion of 0.50 mM baclofen solutions containing variable concentrations of the aminoacid (from 5 to 100 mM), a partially competitive inhibition of baclofen absorption was characterized: absorption rate pseudoconstants of the spasmolytic drug decrease as beta-alanine concentration increases, until a limiting value is obtained (36.8 per cent of that found for baclofen alone). A computer method was developed in order to calculate parameters governing baclofen absorption in the presence of beta-aminoacid, with the following results: Vm = 11.22 mM h-1; Km = 7.42 mM; Ki = 2.4…
Intestinal absorption pathway of gamma-aminobutyric acid in rat small intestine.
1994
Intestinal absorption of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as a model compound for gamma-aminoacids, has not been extensively studied from the kinetic viewpoint. Since data from our laboratory suggested that some competition arises between intestinal absorption of beta-alanine and GABA and since our intent was to maintain the aqueous stagnant diffusion layer in order to approach absorption tests to in vivo physiological conditions, a rat jejunum in situ study was undertaken in order to gain an insight into the mechanism of GABA absorption. In the present paper, results from assays using isotonic perfusion solutions with starting GABA concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 mM are reported. They s…