Search results for "Institution"
showing 10 items of 1168 documents
Hidden costs of cuts: austerity, civil service management and the motivation of public officials in Central and Eastern Europe after the crisis
2016
The implementation of austerity measures presents a dilemma for governments. While austerity measures such as cutbacks aim to reduce costs and enhance public sector efficiency, the same measures might undermine the motivation of employees and, consequently, the prospects of effectively implementing austerity programmes. Based on a survey of ministerial officials in Poland and Latvia, this article finds that the scale of cutbacks explains a larger decline of staff motivation in Latvia than in Poland. The article further shows that motivation was more likely to decrease after the crisis if austerity measures involved cutbacks such as staff reductions, recruitment freezes, and a reduction of t…
Los grupos de interés en las entidades de crédito Españolas
2012
RESUMENSe plantean los orígenes, evolución y clasificación de los grupos de interés (stakeholders). Se pone de relieve la relación que se entabla entre la entidad de crédito como organización social y sus diferentes grupos de interés, analizándose la importancia que se asigna a estos.El trabajo de campo se realizó a través de una encuesta contestada por 57 entidades de crédito españolas. Los resultados del estudio muestran la sensibilidad de las entidades de crédito hacia la RSE (Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa), con referencia al conjunto del sector financiero español. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la importancia que tienen los diversos grupos de interés: accionistas, empleados, client…
Análisis y resultados de un modelo de evaluación, apoyo y mejora de proyectos empresariales impulsados por jóvenes emprendedores1,2
2009
ResumenLas empresas de nueva creación juegan un papel crucial en la generación de empleo, el crecimiento económico, la innovación y la competitividad. Ello ha llevado a un número creciente de instituciones públicas a dedicar ingentes recursos al apoyo y fomento de iniciativas empresariales. Resulta por ello de especial interés analizar la eficacia de los distintos programas e identificar cuáles son las prácticas más efectivas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en la mejora de los sistemas de evaluación de programas de ayuda a emprendedores y mostrar cómo las mejoras introducidas pueden tener efectos sobre la calidad de los negocios creados. Para ello se analiza en profundidad el caso…
Empreendedorismo, inovação e internacionalização: o papel moderador das instituições
2021
Abstract The favorable effects of innovation and internationalization on the development of the economies of countries have been prominent factors in multiple management studies. The objective of this document is to make a theoretical review of the studies contained in the ScienceDirect (Elsevier) and ResearchGate databases, to offer an integrating framework of those institutional factors in the countries that favor the positive spillover of these two strategic actions carried out by companies: innovation and internationalization. As a result, we observed that an institutional framework characterized by a simplification of bureaucratic administrative procedures to access the financial resou…
To survive or succeed? : An analysis of biotechnology firms
2017
In this paper, we address the question whether there exists differences in the determinants that support survival versus success of small and medium-sized high-tech firms. We examine this question in the context of Finnish biotechnology industry by analyzing the survival of all dedicated biotechnology firms in the period of 1978–2008. We argue and show that the success and survival of firms are not necessarily driven by similar determinants. Specifically, we find that while the role of different types of alliances, focused market scope as well as legitimacy of the industry seem to be important both ensuring in survival and enhancing successful performance, determinants related to sources of…
Supply chain finance: The role of credit rating and retailer effort on optimal contracts
2021
Abstract Supply chain finance aims at finding the best financing arrangements within a given buyer-supplier dyad. The source of capital can be internal (buyer or supplier) or external (financial institution) to the supply chain. So far, many studies have investigated the optimal mix of the sources of capital; our study aims at contributing to the recent literature that explores the interface of operations and finance extending the supplier-based financing models. As the Covid-19 pandemic hits economic activity, the financial constraints have ever greater importance; knock-on effects of the Covid-19 crisis urges on the critical role of a supply chain that should provide financial resources, …
Influence of board of directors on firm performance: Analysis of family and non-family firms
2015
This article analyses how board structure can affect both financial and social performance, comparing family and non-family firms. Our theoretical framework is based on the integration of the agency theory, traditionally used in the analysis of the impact of the board on the firm's financial performance, with the stakeholder theory, which is more appropriate in the analysis of the social aspects of the firm. Three main aspects are addressed: the analysis of the firm's social performance; the integration of agency theory with stakeholder theory; and the study of the specific characteristics of family firms' boards. The research confirms that neither the agency theory nor the stakeholder theo…
Institutional distance and international networking
2017
We focus on how small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adapt to differences in institutional logics (values, beliefs, and rules) in their networking when they enter an institutionally distant market. We address gaps in the literature, relating to the role of institutional logics in SME internationalization, and how institutional distance affects the formation of network ties. We show how the social interaction involved in internationalization is embedded in the institutional logics followed by partnering actors. Specifically, we demonstrate how institutional distance may constrain the networking activities of SMEs and identify practices that may support successful internationalization. …
Commitment of independent and institutional women directors to corporate social responsibility reporting
2018
This paper examines how independent and institutional women directors on boards affect corporate social responsibility (hereafter CSR) reporting. Most of the previous empirical evidence has shown a linear association between female directors and CSR disclosure, but to the best of our knowledge, no research has investigated the individual effect of independent and institutional female directors on CSR reporting. Therefore, the analysis of how the disclosure of CSR information is affected by independent and institutional women directors in a separate way merits our attention. Thus, we posit that there is a nonlinear association, concretely quadratic, between independent and institutional fema…
Resistance to Change in the Corporate Elite
2017
In this empirical study, we investigate the variation in firms’ response to institutional pressure for gender-balanced boards, focusing specifically on the preservation of prevailing practices of director selection and its impact on the representation of women on the board of directors. Using 8 years of data from publicly listed Nordic corporations, we show societal pressure to be one of the determinants of female directorship. Moreover, in some corporations, the director selection process may work to maintain “a traditional type of board”. In such boards, demographic diversity among male members appears to be associated with a lower share of female directors, although we cannot establish w…