Search results for "Instrumentation"
showing 10 items of 4914 documents
Low noise scintillation detectors with a P-47 thin layer screen for electrons of several keV
1994
Abstract The applicability of a low-noise scintillation detector (ScD) for the registration of electrons of several keV energy has been studied employing photomultipliers (PM) of different types and sizes. With the application of a sedimented P-47 scintillation screen, the values of the low-energy sensitivity limit and those of the light conversion coefficient were determined as about 2.7–4.7 keV and 2.8–6.6 photoelectrons/keV, respectively, for the set of PM's (Philips-Valvo XP 2020, Philips-Valvo XP 2052, Philips-Valvo XP 2972, EMI 9124a) studied. It is concluded that such scintillation detectors might be used advantageously as electron counters in the range of E > 5 keV. Applications bel…
Extensive electrical model of large area silicon photomultipliers
2011
Abstract In this paper the full electrical model of silicon photomultipliers fabricated at STMicroelectronics Catania R&D clean room facilities is presented. An accurate investigation on both SiPM single microcell and entire SiPM structure to extrapolate all the electrical elements has been executed by means of dedicated characterizations carried out on appropriate layout structure. The electrical simulations results are compared to the experimental data showing a good fit and therefore verifying the accuracy of the proposed model. This model can be used to describe all the SiPMs with different sizes manufactured using the same technology. Moreover, starting from this extensive electrical m…
In-beam tests of scintillating fibre detectors at MAMI and at GSI
2008
The performance of scintillating fibre detectors was studied with electrons at the spectrometer facility of the Mainz microtron MAMI, as well as in a C-12 beam of 2 AGeV energy and in a beam of different particle species at GSI. Multi-anode photomultipliers were used to read out one or more bundles of 128 fibres each in different geometries. For electrons a time resolution of FWHM = 1 ns was measured in a single detector plane with a detection efficiency epsilon > 99%. A time resolution of 310 ps (FWHM) between two planes of fibres was achieved for carbon ions, leading to a FWHM = 220 ps for a single detector. The hit position residual was measured with a width of FWHM = 0.27 mm. The var…
Design and status of COMPASS FAST-RICH
2006
In the context of the upgrade of COMPASS RICH-1, we are developing a fast photodetection system for RICH counters, based on UV extended Multi-Anode PhotoMultiplier Tubes (MAPMT) and a custom, low dead-time electronic readout system. Photons are concentrated on the MAPMT photocathode by an optical system that preserves the position information. The ratio between the collection and the photosensitive surfaces is ∼7.5 in our design, larger than in previous applications. A new front-end electronics, based on a modified version of the MAD4 discriminator chip, is being realized to digitize the MAPMT signals. We report about the design of the photodetection system and of the associated electronic …
The atmospheric nightglow in the 300– wavelength
2002
Abstract The balloon-borne experiment, named BAckground BYpass (BABY) belongs to a wider program that has as its final goal the detection and study of high-energy cosmic rays from space (satellite, Space Station). An information of fundamental importance for this class of projects concerns the nighttime background light. The instrument designed to detect fluorescence photons is basically composed of two collimated photomultipliers: a single photon-counting PMT and a charge integration PMT. We briefly report the details of the design, operation and performance of the detector, which was designed and completely built at the IFCAI–CNR Institute in Palermo. Preliminary analysis and results of t…
Read-out electronics for fast photon detection with COMPASS RICH-1
2008
A new read-out electronics system has been developed for the fast photon detection of the central region of the COMPASS RICH-1. The project is based on multi-anode photomultipliers read out by the high-sensitivity MAD4 preamplifier-discriminator and the dead-time free F1 TDC chip characterised by high time resolution. The system has been designed taking into account the high photon flux in the central region of the detector and the high rate requirement of the COMPASS experiment. The system is described in detail together with the measured performances. The new electronics system has been installed and used for the 2006 data taking; it entirely fulfils the expected performances.
Position sensitive scintillator based detector improvements by means of an integrated front-end
2009
PESIC is an integrated front-end for multianode photomultiplier based nuclear imaging devices. Its architecture has been designed to improve position sensitive detectors behavior by equalizing its response over its whole area. Its preamplying stage introduces two main benefits: digitally programmable gain adjustment for every photomultiplier output, and isolation from other front-end electronics by means of current buffers. This last feature allows to use different types of photomultipliers and optimizes front-end deadtime, reducing impact position dependent output delay. PESIC also includes an indirect measurement of the depth of interaction of the gamma ray inside the scintillator crystal…
Breakthrough in the lifetime of microchannel plate photomultipliers
2015
Abstract Cherenkov detectors using the DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov Light) principle are foreseen for particle identification in the P ¯ ANDA experiment at FAIR. Promising sensors for the detection of the Cherenkov light are the so-called micro-channel plate (MCP) photomultipliers (PMT). They have an excellent time resolution, can be operated at high gain for single photon detection and have a high resistivity against magnetic fields. The disadvantage of these devices was their limited lifetime, due to damage by feedback ions on the photocathode. The lifetime of various types of MCP-PMTs from different manufactures has been tested under conditions similar to that in the…
A scintillator based time-of-flight hodoscope with a new type of emitter follower divider
2004
A high precision, time-of-flight hodoscope has been constructed to analyse the secondary pion beam at GSI, Darmstadt. The hodoscope comprises three scintillator planes with the individual scintillator rods read out by photomultipliers in both ends. A new active base of the emitter follower type has been developed for stabilization of voltages at the last dynodes of the photomultiplier. The time resolution of this system was found to be sigma less than or equal to 150 ps for counting rates up to 2 MHz.
Fast photon detection for COMPASS RICH-1
2007
A fast photon detection system has been built and assembled for the upgrade of COMPASS RICH-1. The system is based on multianode photomultipliers coupled to fused silica lenses to collect the light from a larger surface and to guide it to the photocathode, preserving the position information. The emphasis is on the fast response and high rate capability of the detectors and the associated electronics. The photon detection system is now ready and it will be employed in the 2006 COMPASS data taking. We report about the system design and construction.