Search results for "Insulin"
showing 10 items of 1360 documents
The oligomenorrhoic phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome are characterized by a high visceral adiposity index: a likely condition of cardiometabol…
2011
BACKGROUND: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently exhibit central obesity, glucose intolerance, atherogenic dys- lipidemia and hypertension, which are characteristic features of a condition of cardiometabolic risk. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and phenotypic characteristics in women with PCOS. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study in our Endocrinology Outpatients Clinic. A total of 220 women with PCOS (Rotterdam definition) and I44 age- and BMI-matched healthy women were studied. We evaluated hyperandrogenemia and clinical hyperandrogenism, ovarian morphology, hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis and …
Alterations in the sensitivity of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 to octreotide in polycystic ova…
1995
Objective To determine if the somatostatin analog, octreotide, affects insulin and related peptides and, hence, androgen levels differently between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and controls. Design Prospective controlled trial. Setting Reproductive endocrinology clinic of our medical center. Patients Eleven women with PCOS and six matched ovulatory controls. Interventions Octreotide (100 μg) was administered subcutaneously in the midfollicular phase. Serum was obtained before and at 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after octreotide. Main Outcome Measures Fasting insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), T, androstenedion…
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and low-density lipoproteins size and subclasses in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
2006
Abstract Context: An altered lipid profile is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is usually characterized by increased triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. In the general population, these alterations are often associated with the increase of small low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the so-called “atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype” (ALP) that determines a further increase of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we evaluated the presence of ALP in the plasma of women with PCOS. Setting: Measurements and analysis of LDL size were performed at the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, Zurich. PCOS patients…
Prospective Parallel Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Clomiphene Citrate and Metformin as the First-Line Tr…
2005
Abstract Context: Although metformin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), clomiphene citrate (CC) is still considered to be the first-line drug to induce ovulation in these patients. Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metformin and CC administration as a first-line treatment in anovulatory women with PCOS. Design: We describe a prospective parallel randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial. Setting: The study was conducted at the University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. Patients: One hundred nonobese primary infertile anovulatory women with PC…
Lower insulin sensitivity differentiates hirsute from non-hirsute Sicilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome
2006
Objective: It is well known that hyperandrogenism and insulin-resistance with or without compensatory hyperinsulinism are closely associated, but the Rotterdam Consensus has concluded that principally obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) should be evaluated for the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to study insulin sensitivity in PCOS women with hirsutism regardless of obesity. Methods: Clinical characteristics, sex hormones and fasting- and after OGTT-glycemia and insulinemia, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA IR), and Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity were analyzed in 130 women with PCOS. Hirsutism has been evaluated through the Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) map scoring …
Maternal-fetal Complications in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Comparison Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2021
Abstract Background The aim of the study was a retrospective comparison of the differences in maternal-foetal outcomes between women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Methods A cohort of 135 patients with pregestational diabetes, 73 with T1DM (mean age 29 ± 5 years) and 62 with T2DM (mean age 33 ± 6 years), in intensive insulin treatment throughout pregnancy were evaluated. Clinical and metabolic parameters and the prevalence of maternal and foetal complications were assessed. Results Women with T1DM showed lower pregestational BMI (p < 0.001), pregestational weight (p < 0.001), weight at delivery (p < 0.001), ∆_total_insulin requirement (IR) at the first, s…
The treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia in adults: an update
2016
Treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is challenging due to the rarity of this condition and the difficulty of differential diagnosis. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the recent literature on the management of adult HH. A search for reviews, original articles, original case reports between 1995 and 2016 in PubMed using the following keywords: hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia, insulinoma, nesidioblastosis, gastric bypass, autoimmune hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinism, treatment was performed. One hundred and forty articles were selected and analysed focusing on the most recent treatments of HH. New approaches to treatment of HH are available including mini-invasive sur…
The effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on glucose metabolism: Results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomized controlled trial
2017
Background: The effectiveness of prenatal lifestyle intervention to prevent gestational diabetes and improve maternal glucose metabolism remains to be established. The Norwegian Fit for Delivery (NFFD) randomized, controlled trial studied the effect of a combined lifestyle intervention provided to a general population, and found significantly lower gestational weight gain among intervention participants but no improvement in obstetrical outcomes or the proportion of large infants. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of the NFFD intervention on glucose metabolism, including an assessment of the subgroups of normal-weight and overweight/obese participants. Methods: Healthy, …
Difference in body weight between American and Italian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of the diet.
2003
BACKGROUND The study aim was to determine differences in body mass in two populations of women (USA and Italy) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to assess the effect of diet on body mass and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Pools of women with PCOS from the USA (n = 343) and Italy (n = 301), seen between 1993 and 2001, were available for assessment. From these populations, 20 women who were seen consecutively in 2001 at each site had detailed analyses of diet and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS In the entire group, American women had a significantly higher body mass compared with Italian women (P < 0.01). Also, the 20 women consecutively evaluated in the USA had a signific…
Serum basal hormone concentrations, nutrition and physical fitness during strength and/or endurance training in 39-64-year-old women.
2009
We examined effects of 21 weeks of strength and/or endurance training and nutrition on serum hormones and physical fitness in 39-64-year-old women. Subjects (n=79) were randomized into the endurance group (E), strength group (S), combined group (SE) and controls (C). Total body strength training and high-intensity bicycle training were used. Average energy and nutrient intake remained the same in all groups. Body fat (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) decreased significantly in all training groups and body mass index in E, SE and C. Only SE increased total body lean mass (2.2%, p=0.001), between groups p=0.044. Maximal cycling power increased more in E (16%) and SE (17%) than in S (8%)(all …