Search results for "Insulin"
showing 10 items of 1360 documents
Time course of changes in serum oxidant/antioxidant status in overfed obese rats and their offspring.
2009
The aim of the present study was to determine the time course of changes in oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as serum glucose, insulin, leptin and lipid levels, liver adipose tissue and muscle lipid and protein contents, in cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, and in their offspring throughout adulthood. Food intake was also evaluated. The cafeteria diet induced a significant increase in maternal body and relative adipose tissue weights, daily energy intake, and plasma glucose, insulin, leptin and lipid levels at parturition (day 0) and at the end of lactation (day 21). Plasma total antioxidant status [ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity)], erythrocyte catalase an…
Bone status in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
2010
Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the potential negative impact of type 1 diabetes on bone status of adolescents. Bone status in adolescents with type 1 diabetes was assessed by means of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and the influence of metabolic control and other diseaserelated and growth variables was analysed. Methods Group I consisted of 99 pubertal (Tanner ≥2) adolescents (49 female), aged 14.3±2.5 years, diabetes duration 4.6±2.3 years. Controls (group II) were 297 children, matched by sex and age, from a healthy population. The influence of glycated haemoglobin (current: HbA1cD; last year’s mean: HbA1cY; whole duration mean: HbA1cT), diabetes duration, percentage of life …
Implication of corticotropic hormone axis in eating behaviour pattern in obese and type 2 diabetic participants.
2015
In Algeria, eating behaviour has been increasingly deviated from its traditional Mediterranean diet to modern fast food style. The present study examines the interactions between eating behaviour pattern (EBP), corticotropic hormone axis and the metabolic syndrome. Our Algerian population cohort comprised of 410 participants (130 obese, 170 type 2 diabetics and 110 healthy participants). The EBP was evaluated by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire test. The anthropometric and metabolic parameters (glucose, TAG, HDL, LDL and cholesterol) and the concentrations of hormones (insulin, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), cortisol and growth hormone) were determined by biometrics, spectrophotom…
Treatment of Severe Reactive Hypoglycemia With a Somatostatin Analogue (SMS 201-995)
1990
• Reactive (or postprandial) hypoglycemia can sometimes represent a severe disorder refractory to conventional therapeutic measures. We present in this first individual trial, to our knowledge, that the administration of a somatostatin analogue (SMS 201 -995) may alleviate the severity of complaints and does not appear to be diabetogenic. The effects of the somatostatin analogue were documented in a 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test, where not only the glucose-induced and C-peptide rise was clearly attenuated, but also the blood glucose concentration did not fall low enough to induce hypoglycemic symptoms. ( Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:2401-2402)
Metabolomic analysis of long-term spontaneous exercise in mice suggests increased lipolysis and altered glucose metabolism when animals are at rest
2014
Exercise has been associated with several beneficial effects and is one of the major modulators of metabolism. The working muscle produces and releases substances during exercise that mediate the adaptation of the muscle but also improve the metabolic flexibility of the complete organism, leading to adjustable substrate utilization. Metabolomic studies on physical exercise are scarce and most of them have been focused on the effects of intense exercise in professional sportsmen. The aim of our study was to determine plasma metabolomic adaptations in mice after a long-term spontaneous exercise intervention study (18 mo). The metabolic changes induced by long-term spontaneous exercise were su…
Vascular Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Experimental Diabetes Strictly Depends on Insulin Deficiency
2010
<i>Objective:</i> In previous studies we and others have shown that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats is associated with vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction. In the present study, we sought to determine whether vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress strictly depend on insulin deficiency. <i>Methods:</i> The effects of insulin (2.5 U/day s.c., 2 weeks) therapy on vascular disorders in STZ-induced (60 mg/kg i.v., 8 weeks) diabetes mellitus (type I) were studied in Wistar rats. The contribution of NADPH oxidase to overall oxidative stress was investigated by in vivo (30 mg/kg/day s.c., 4 days) and in vitro treatment with apocynin. <i>Results:&…
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, physical training and their combination on collagen biosynthesis in rat skeletal muscle.
1995
The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, physical training and their combination on the activities of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (PH) and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyl-transferase (GGT), both marker enzymes of collagen biosynthesis, and on the concentration of hydroxyproline (Hyp) were studied in vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles in rats. The experimental period was 12-16 weeks. Diabetes had an overall decreasing effect on specific PH activity in all muscles studied, whereas specific GGT activity remained at control level. Total PH and GGT activities decreased in all three muscles in the diabetic animals (P < 0.001). Training caused an increase in PH and GGT acti…
Insulin resistance and atrial fibrillation (from the Framingham Heart Study)
2011
Diabetes mellitus and obesity are increasing in prevalence and are associated with an elevated risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Given the aging of the United States population, AF is projected to concomitantly increase in prevalence in the upcoming decades. Both diabetes and obesity are associated with insulin resistance. Whether insulin resistance is an intermediate step for the development of AF is uncertain. We hypothesized that insulin resistance is associated with an increased risk of incident AF. We examined the association of insulin resistance with incident AF using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusting for the established AF risk factors (i.e., age, g…
Effect of vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on postprandial proinsulin processing in the β cell of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
2012
This study compared the effect of Glimepiride versus Vildagliptin on β-cell function and the release of intact proinsulin (PI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients on metformin monotherapy were randomized to add on treatment with Vildagliptin or Glimepiride. A standardized test meal was given at baseline, after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Insulin, PI and blood glucose values were measured in the fasting state and postprandial for 300 min. Fasting PI levels significantly decreased in the Vildagliptin group. The area under the curve for the postprandial release of PI decreased during Vildagliptin and increased during Glimepiride treatment. The proinsulin to insulin ratio decl…
Long-term parameters of heart rate variability in patients with insulin-resistance.
2019
Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the oscillation in both the interval between consecutive heartbeats (considered RR intervals) and consecutives measures of instantaneous heart rates.1 HRV measures the cardiac autonomic function noninvasively1,2 and its reduction is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events.3 Insulin-resistance is a pathological condition, in which the body’s cells become resistant to insulin effects.4 The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between insulin-resistance and the reduction of HRV parameters.