Search results for "Insulin"
showing 10 items of 1360 documents
The effects of insulin on transport and metabolism of glucose in skeletal muscle from hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats.
1997
The effects of insulin on the rates of glucose disposal were studied in soleus muscles isolated from hyper- or hypothyroid rats. Treatment with triiodothyronine for 5 or 10 days decreased the sensitivity of glycogen synthesis but increased the sensitivity of lactate formation to insulin. The sensitivity of 3-O methylglucose to insulin was increased only after 10 days of treatment and was accompanied by an increase in the sensitivity of 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation; however, 2-deoxyglucose and glucose 6-phosphate in response to insulin remained unaltered. In hypothyroidism, insulin-stimulated rates of 3-O-methylglucose transport and 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation were decreased; however, a…
Circulating adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase-9, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and myeloperoxidase in coronary artery disease patient…
2010
There are many pathophysiological mechanisms underlying reciprocal relationships between changes in cytokines and insulin resistance in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and their relation to insulin resistance in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with stable and unstable angina (SAP, UAP).Non-diabetic CAD patients were classified into two groups: 22 patients with SAP and 22 pati…
Effects of streptozotocin and dietary fructose on delta-6 desaturation in spontaneously hypertensive rat liver.
2004
We have investigated the effects of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus on polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. For this purpose, two rat models for these pathologies have been established: a type 1 diabetic hypertensive model obtained by streptozotocin injection to spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), followed or not by insulin treatment (experiment 1); a type 2 diabetic hypertensive model by feeding SHR with a fructose enriched diet (experiment 2). Liver gene expression of delta-6 desaturase (D6D), microsomal D6D activities and fatty acid composition of total lipids were estimated. In experiment 1, an increase of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) level was observed in the streptozo…
Association between Obesity History and Hand Grip Strength in Older Adults-Exploring the Roles of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance as Mediating Fa…
2011
Background: To examine the association between obesity history and hand grip strength, and whether the association is partly explained by subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance. Methods:Data are from 2,021 men and women aged 55 years and older participating in the representative population-based Health 2000 Survey in Finland. Body mass and body height, maximal hand grip strength, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance based on homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were measured in a health examination. Recalled weight at 20, 30, 40, and 50 years of age were recorded to obtain a hierarchical classification of obesity history. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. R…
Nanoaggregates Based on New Poly-Hydroxyethyl-Aspartamide Copolymers for Oral Insulin Absorption
2013
The aim of this work was to produce copolymers with an appropriate hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance able to form nanoaggregates with protein molecules and to be used as ideal materials in the field of oral peptide/protein delivery. New anionic polymers obtained by the conjugation of carboxy-bearing ligands, like succinic anhydride and/or cysteine, to hydrophobized α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-dl-aspartamide (PHEA) copolymers have been synthesized and characterized. Starting copolymer was synthesized by the partial derivatization of hydroxyl groups on the PHEA backbone with butylamine (C4) (obtaining the PHEA-C4 copolymer, bearing a butyl moiety). The consecutive reaction of PHEA-C4 with succin…
Fast recovery with etanercept in patients affected by polymyalgia rheumatica and decompensated diabetes: a case-series study
2008
We enrolled nine consecutive patients affected by newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and decompensated diabetes mellitus. All patients were treated with etanercept (25 mg twice weekly) and prednisone and were followed up to 1 year. At the sixth-month follow-up, etanercept and prednisone were withdrawn. Patients were seen at regular intervals (days 0, 30, 60, 90, 150, 180) and the following variables determined: erythrocytes sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, fasting serum glucose, pain measured by visual analog scale, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Our results indicate that etanercept might have some steroid-sparing effects, but controlled investigations are needed to sup…
Clinical and biochemical determinants of the extent of liver steatosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus
2015
Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is very frequent in both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome (MS), which share clinical and metabolic characteristics. Whether and to which extent these characteristics can predict the degree of liver steatosis are not entirely clear. Patients and methods We determined liver fat (divided into four classes) by standard sonographic images, and clinical and biochemical variables, in 60 consecutive patients with T2DM and with features of the MS. We examined both simple and multiple correlations between the degree of liver steatosis and the variables measured. Results Increased liver fat (defined as >5% of liver mass) was detec…
Functional consequences of microbial shifts in the human gastrointestinal tract linked to antibiotic treatment and obesity
2013
The microbiomes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of individuals receiving antibiotics and those in obese subjects undergo compositional shifts, the metabolic effects and linkages of which are not clearly understood. Herein, we set to gain insight into these effects, particularly with regard to carbohydrate metabolism, and to contribute to unravel the underlying mechanisms and consequences for health conditions. We measured the activity level of GIT carbohydrate-active enzymes toward 23 distinct sugars in adults patients (n = 2) receiving 14-d β-lactam therapy and in obese (n = 7) and lean (n = 5) adolescents. We observed that both 14 d antibiotic-treated and obese subjects showed higher …
FABP4 plasma levels are increased in familial combined hyperlipidemia
2010
The lipid profile of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) shares some characteristics with atherogenic dyslipidemia seen in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) appears to be a determinant of atherogenic dyslipidemia. We examined relationships between FABP4 plasma concentrations, dyslipidemia, and metabolic variables in patients with FCHL. We studied 273 unrelated FCHL patients and 118 control subjects. FABP4 was higher in FCHL than controls, with mean levels of 21.8 (10.1) microg/l and 19.2 (9.2) microg/l, respectively (adjusted P= 0.012). In FCHL, FABP4 correlated to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, insulin levels, and hom…
Impact of a Web-based exercise and nutritional education intervention in patients who are obese with hypertension : randomized wait-list controlled t…
2020
Background Internet-based interventions are a promising strategy for promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors. These have a tremendous potential for delivering electronic health interventions in scalable and cost-effective ways. There is strong evidence that the use of these programs can lead to weight loss and can lower patients’ average blood pressure (BP) levels. So far, few studies have investigated the effects of internet-based programs on patients who are obese with hypertension (HTN). Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the short- and long-term efficacy, in terms of body composition and BP parameters, of a self-administered internet-based intervention involving different …