Search results for "Intelligence"
showing 10 items of 6959 documents
OPETH: Open Source Solution for Real-Time Peri-Event Time Histogram Based on Open Ephys
2019
Single cell electrophysiology remains one of the most widely used approaches of systems neuroscience. Decisions made by the experimenter during electrophysiology recording largely determine recording quality, duration of the project and value of the collected data. Therefore, online feedback aiding these decisions can lower monetary and time investment, and substantially speed up projects as well as allow novel studies otherwise not possible due to prohibitively low throughput. Real-time feedback is especially important in studies that involve optogenetic cell type identification by enabling a systematic search for neurons of interest. However, such tools are scarce and limited to costly co…
GTVcut for neuro-radiosurgery treatment planning: an MRI brain cancer seeded image segmentation method based on a cellular automata model
2018
Despite of the development of advanced segmentation techniques, achieving accurate and reproducible gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation results is still an important challenge in neuro-radiosurgery. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most prominent modality in radiation therapy for soft-tissue anatomical districts. Gamma Knife stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery is a minimally invasive technology for dealing with inaccessible or insufficiently treated tumors with traditional surgery or radiotherapy. During a treatment planning phase, the GTV is generally contoured by experienced neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists using fully manual segmentation procedures on MR images. Unf…
Modeling Local Social Migrations: A Cellular Automata Approach
2015
In local social migrations, agents move from their initial location looking for a better local social environment. Social migrations processes do not change the number of social agents of a given type (i.e., the empirical distribution of the population) but their spatial location. Although cellular automata seems to appear as a natural approach to model of social migrations, the evolution of the configuration through a cellular automata might induce a new configuration wherein the number of agents of each type might be actually modified. This article provides a characterization of these cellular automata rules such that for any initial empirical distribution, the evolution of the configurat…
Constraint Cellular Automata for Urban Development Simulation: An Application to the Strasbourg-Kehl Cross-Border Area
2017
AcknowledgementsThe research presented in this chapter is part of the Smart. Boundary project supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche in Luxembourg and CNRS in France (ref. INTER/CNRS/12/02). The authors would like also to thank the Grasp Program of LISER for allowing cross-collaboration between the two teams based in Luxembourg and France.; International audience; Urban sprawl and space consumption have become key issues in sustainable territorial development. Traditional planning approaches are often insufficient to anticipate their complex spatial consequences, especially in cross-border areas. Such complexity requires the use of dynamic spatial simulations and the development of…
Computation of inverse functions in a model of cerebellar and reflex pathways allows to control a mobile mechanical segment.
2003
Abstract The command and control of limb movements by the cerebellar and reflex pathways are modeled by means of a circuit whose structure is deduced from functional constraints. One constraint is that fast limb movements must be accurate although they cannot be continuously controlled in closed loop by use of sensory signals. Thus, the pathways which process the motor orders must contain approximate inverse functions of the bio-mechanical functions of the limb and of the muscles. This can be achieved by means of parallel feedback loops, whose pattern turns out to be comparable to the anatomy of the cerebellar pathways. They contain neural networks able to anticipate the motor consequences …
Cerebellar learning of bio-mechanical functions of extra-ocular muscles: modeling by artificial neural networks
2003
A control circuit is proposed to model the command of saccadic eye movements. Its wiring is deduced from a mathematical constraint, i.e. the necessity, for motor orders processing, to compute an approximate inverse function of the bio-mechanical function of the moving plant, here the bio-mechanics of the eye. This wiring is comparable to the anatomy of the cerebellar pathways. A predicting element, necessary for inversion and thus for movement accuracy, is modeled by an artificial neural network whose structure, deduced from physical constraints expressing the mechanics of the eye, is similar to the cell connectivity of the cerebellar cortex. Its functioning is set by supervised reinforceme…
Simulations of the cultured granule neuron excitability
2003
Abstract We have developed a biophysical model of a cultured rat cerebellar granule neuron and simulated its excitability under different experimental conditions. The basic excitability properties of such a small neuron; the specific action potential waveforms, the overall firing patterns induced by current stimulations, and the linear frequency-current relation, are the main model constraints. Simulations show that for a one-compartmental granule neuron model, the constraints are met using six voltage- and time-dependent ion channel types and calcium dynamics linked to BK Ca ion channel function. This kind of model of a single neuron forms a solid basis for building the increasingly more c…
On localization of moving objects in the visual system of cats.
1980
In cortical areas direction-specific receptive fields occur systematically. Direction specifity is based on unsymmetric coupling of neurons. Such a coupling allows an exact localization of moved stimuli. For this task, the asymmetry in the time domain is compensated for by a spatial asymmetry.
Computational identification of chemical compounds with potential anti-Chagas activity using a classification tree
2021
Chagas disease is endemic to 21 Latin American countries and is a great public health problem in that region. Current chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory; consequently the need to search for new drugs persists. Here we present a new approach to identify novel compounds with potential anti-chagasic action. A large dataset of 584 compounds, obtained from the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, was selected to develop the computational model. Dragon software was used to calculate the molecular descriptors and WEKA software to obtain the classification tree. The best model shows accuracy greater than 93.4% for the training set; the tree was also validated using a 10-fold cross-validation p…
Local symmetries of digital contours from their chain codes
1996
In this work symmetry is evaluated as a numeric feature for each point of a contour, using only the positions of a local vicinity of points. A measurement is defined, named as Local Symmetric Deficiency (LSD), so that the lower this quantity is, the higher the symmetry will be in the local region considered. This approach is very simple and it is based on a suitable manipulation of the chain code of the curve. Its computational cost is very low and it has the advantages of a parallel algorithm, since values for LSD can be computed for each point independently.