Search results for "Intelligence"

Using Semantics in the Environment for Multiagent-Based Simulation

2014

In this chapter, we carry out an overview and analysis of the usage of semantics to enhance environments in the domain of multiagent-based simulations. Firstly, we take a look at what a multiagent system (MAS) is, and after that we look at the environment for these systems, and why semantics are required in it. Various propositions to put semantics in the environment for MAS are then reviewed, as well as the strengths and weaknesses for these approaches. These propositions are grouped together under two categories, regarding whether the proposed approach is based on only the environment or on both the agents and the environment. The paper is then concluded with findings that have emerged by…

Length of endodontic files measured in digital radiographs with and without noise-suppression filters: an ex-vivo study

2011

The aim of this study is to evaluate if theoretically possible edge shifts induced by noise-suppression filters potentially occur on objects found in digital radiographs. Most manufacturers carry out noise-suppression filtering of their images before they are displayed to the user. It is not usually possible for the user to disrupt the function of the filters. The use of these filters can lead to deletion of small image structures.K-files (ISO size 06, 08, 10 and 15) were placed in the root canals of 6 human teeth located in cadaver jaw segments. File tip positions were measured on original and filtered digital images by three observers. The file position was marked on each filtered image a…

Space-Time FPCA Clustering of Multidimensional Curves.

2018

In this paper we focus on finding clusters of multidimensional curves with spatio-temporal structure, applying a variant of a k-means algorithm based on the principal component rotation of data. The main advantage of this approach is to combine the clustering functional analysis of the multidimensional data, with smoothing methods based on generalized additive models, that cope with both the spatial and the temporal variability, and with functional principal components that takes into account the dependency between the curves.

Extracting Formal Models from Normative Texts

2016

Normative texts are documents based on the deontic notions of obligation, permission, and prohibition. Our goal is model such texts using the C-O Diagram formalism, making them amenable to formal analysis, in particular verifying that a text satisfies properties concerning causality of actions and timing constraints. We present an experimental, semi-automatic aid to bridge the gap between a normative text and its formal representation. Our approach uses dependency trees combined with our own rules and heuristics for extracting the relevant components. The resulting tabular data can then be converted into a C-O Diagram.

Real metrology by using depth map information

2004

Usually in an image no real information about the scene’s depth (in terms of absolute distance) is available. In this paper, a method that extracts real depth measures is developed. This approach starts considering a region located in the center of the depth map. This region can be positioned, interactively, in any part of the depth map in order to measure the real distance of every object inside the scene. The histogram local maxima of this region are determined. Among these values the biggest, that represents the gray-level of the most considerable object, is chosen. This gray-level is used in an exponential mapping function that converts, using the input camera settings, the depth map gr…

El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal

2020

espanolLa inteligencia artificial tiene innumerables ventajas en nuestras vidas. La capacidad de almacenar y conectar datos que tiene un ordenador es muy superior a la capacidad humana. Pero esta “inteligencia” comporta tambien problemas de hondo calado etico que el derecho debera responder. Digo “inteligencia” porque a dia de hoy las maquinas no son inteligentes. Las maquinas solo utilizan aquellos datos que, previamente, un humano le ha ofrecido como ciertos. La verdad es relativa y los datos van a tener los mis-mos sesgos y prejuicios que tiene el humano que programa la maquina. En otras palabras, las maquinas van a ser racistas, sexistas y clasistas si lo son sus programadores. A todo e…

Performance evaluation of robotic knowledge representation (PERK)

2012

In this paper, we explore some ways in which symbolic knowledge representations have been evaluated in the past and provide some thoughts on what should be considered when applying and evaluating these types of knowledge representations for real-time robotics applications. The emphasis of this paper is that the robotic applications require real-time access to information, which has not been one of the aspects measured in traditional symbolic representation evaluation approaches.

Symbolic and conceptual representation of dynamic scenes: Interpreting situation calculus on conceptual spaces

2001

In (Chella et al. [1,2]) we proposed a framework for the representation of visual knowledge, with particular attention to the analysis and the representation of scenes with moving objects and people. One of our aims is a principled integration of the models developed within the artificial vision community with the propositional knowledge representation systems developed within symbolic AI. In the present note we show how the approach we adopted fits well with the representational choices underlying one of the most popular symbolic formalisms used in cognitive robotics, namely the situation calculus.

How Quickly Can We Predict Users’ Ratings on Aesthetic Evaluations of Websites? Employing Machine Learning on Eye-Tracking Data

2020

This study examines how quickly we can predict users’ ratings on visual aesthetics in terms of simplicity, diversity, colorfulness, craftsmanship. To predict users’ ratings, first we capture gaze behavior while looking at high, neutral, and low visually appealing websites, followed by a survey regarding user perceptions on visual aesthetics towards the same websites. We conduct an experiment with 23 experienced users in online shopping, capture gaze behavior and through employing machine learning we examine how fast we can accurately predict their ratings. The findings show that after 25 s we can predict ratings with an error rate ranging from 9% to 11% depending on which facet of visual ae…

2020