Search results for "Intelligence"

Including an environmental quality index in a demographic model

2016

This paper presents a new well-being index which allows environmental quality to be measured through CO2 emissions, renewable energies and nuclear power. Its formula derives from a geometric mean used to calculate which things in the human production system warm the planet and which do not. This index has been introduced into a gender-defined stochastic population dynamic mathematical model which measures well-being in a country. The main variables in this model are rates of death, birth, emigration and immigration, as well as three UN indices: Human Development Index, Gender Development Index and Gender Empowerment Index. This model has been extended with variables that allow an environmen…

Examining the effect of adverse weather on road transportation using weather and traffic sensors.

2018

Adverse weather related to reduced visibility caused by fog and rain can seriously affect the mobility and safety of drivers. It is meaningful to develop effective intelligent transportation system (ITS) strategies to mitigate the negative effects of these different types of adverse weather related to reduced visibility by investigating the effect of rain and fog on traffic parameters. A number of previous researches focused on analyzing the effect of adverse weather related to reduced visibility by using simulated traffic and weather data. There are few researchers that addressed the impact of adverse weather instances using real-time data. Moreover, this paper conducts comprehensive inves…

Awareness and Partitional Informational Structures

1997

We begin with an example to motivate the introduction of the concept of unawareness in models of information. There are a subject and two possible states of the world, σ and τ. At σ a certain fact p happens — it is true — and the subject sees it or hears it or anyhow perceives it, so that he knows it is true (in Geanakoplos [5] the subject is Sherlock Holmes’ assistant and fact p is ‘the dog barks’). At state τ fact p does not occur (it is false), and the subject not only does not see it or hear it etc.; but what is more, he does not even think of the possibility that it might: fact p is not present to the subject’s mind. What is an appropriate formal model for this story?

Efficient distributed average consensus in wireless sensor networks

2020

International audience; Computing the distributed average consensus in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is investigated in this article. This problem, which is both natural and important, plays a significant role in various application fields such as mobile agents and fleet vehicle coordination, network synchronization, distributed voting and decision, load balancing of divisible loads in distributed computing network systems, and so on. By and large, the average consensus' objective is to have all nodes in the network converged to the average value of the initial nodes' measurements based only on local nodes' information states. In this paper, we introduce a fully distributed algorithm to a…

Judging body weight from faces: the height-weight illusion.

2012

Being able to exploit features of the human face to predict health and fitness can serve as an evolutionary advantage. Surface features such as facial symmetry, averageness, and skin colour are known to influence attractiveness. We sought to determine whether observers are able to extract more complex features, namely body weight. If possible, it could be used as a predictor for health and fitness. For instance, facial adiposity could be taken to indicate a cardiovascular challenge or proneness to infections. Observers seem to be able to glean body weight information from frontal views of a face. Is weight estimation robust across different viewing angles? We showed that participants stron…

Effect of Camera Angle on Perception of Trust and Attractiveness

2017

Film theories have long proposed that the vertical camera angle influences how the scene and the character in it are interpreted. An elevated camera (high-angle shot) should diminish the qualities of the actor, whereas a lowered camera (low-angle shot) should elevate the actor in perspective as well as in the viewer’s opinion. We were interested in how this holds up for the impression of trustworthiness and attractiveness that the spectator receives of the actor. We filmed 12 actors in a scenario inspired by a TV show called Split or Steal, which features a one-time version of the prisoner’s dilemma. Subjects had to rate trustworthiness and attractiveness of the actors, and also judge if t…

The Influence of Task and Context-Based Complexity on the Final Choice

2011

In this chapter, we present a new approach for the design of choice task experiments that analyze the final respondent’s choice but not the decision process.1 The approach creates choice tasks with a one-to-one correspondence between decision strategies and the observed choices. Thus, a decision strategy used is unambiguously deduced from an observed choice. Furthermore, the approach systematically manipulates the characteristics of choice tasks and takes into account measurement errors concerning the preferences of the decision makers. We use this approach to generate respondent-specific choice tasks with either low or high complexity and study their influence on the use of compensatory an…

Fully automatic face recognition system using a combined audio-visual approach

2005

This paper presents a novel audio and video information fusion approach that greatly improves automatic recognition of people in video sequences. To that end, audio and video information is first used independently to obtain confidence values that indicate the likelihood that a specific person appears in a video shot. Finally, a post-classifier is applied to fuse audio and visual confidence values. The system has been tested on several news sequences and the results indicate that a significant improvement in the recognition rate can be achieved when both modalities are used together.

Adaptive Mid-Term Representations for Robust Audio Event Classification

2018

Low-level audio features are commonly used in many audio analysis tasks, such as audio scene classification or acoustic event detection. Due to the variable length of audio signals, it is a common approach to create fixed-length feature vectors consisting of a set of statistics that summarize the temporal variability of such short-term features. To avoid the loss of temporal information, the audio event can be divided into a set of mid-term segments or texture windows. However, such an approach requires to estimate accurately the onset and offset times of the audio events in order to obtain a robust mid-term statistical description of their temporal evolution. This paper proposes the use of…

2015

Visuo-auditory sensory substitution systems are augmented reality devices that translate a video stream into an audio stream in order to help the blind in daily tasks requiring visuo-spatial information. In this work, we present both a new mobile device and a transcoding method specifically designed to sonify moving objects. Frame differencing is used to extract spatial features from the video stream and two-dimensional spatial information is converted into audio cues using pitch, interaural time difference and interaural level difference. Using numerical methods, we attempt to reconstruct visuo-spatial information based on audio signals generated from various video stimuli. We show that de…