Search results for "Interactions"
showing 10 items of 1963 documents
Extended release and enhanced bioavailability of moxifloxacin conjugated with hydrophilic cellulose ethers.
2015
Macromolecular prodrugs (MPDs) of moxifloxacin were fabricated based on hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). UV/Vis spectrophotometry was employed to determine covalently loaded drug content (DC) of each conjugate. The degree of substitution (DS) of moxifloxacin attained ranged from 0.27 to 0.38 (HPC) and 0.19 to 0.26 (HEC) per anhydroglucose unit (AGU), respectively. Transmission electron microscopic analyses showed that HPC-moxifloxacin conjugates self-assembled into nanowires of ∼ 30 nm diameters while HEC-moxifloxacin conjugates self-assembled into nanoparticles of 150-350 nm. In vitro drug release studies revealed that 15 and 49% moxifloxacin release occurred f…
Differential phenoloxidase activity between native and invasive gammarids infected by local acanthocephalans: differential immunosuppression?
2003
Manipulative endoparasites can alter the behaviour and the physiology of their intermediate hosts in ways that increase the probability of successful transmission to the final host. This requires that the parasite is able to circumvent its host's immune defence. Successful immune evasion may depend on host-parasite coevolutionary history and the appearance of new hosts invading the local host population may promote local parasite maladaptation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of 2 acanthocephalan parasites, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Polymorphus minutus, on the immunity of their local and new invasive gammarid intermediate hosts, respectively Gammarus pulex and Gammarus roese…
Zygocotyle lunata: Proteomic analysis of the adult stage
2011
The somatic extract of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) adults collected from experimentally infected mice was investigated using a proteomic approach to separate and identify tryptic peptides from the somatic extract of Z. lunata adult worms. A shot-gun liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry procedure was used. We used the MASCOT search engine (Matrix-Science) and ProteinPilot software v2.0 (Applied Biosystems) for the database search. A total of 36 proteins were accurately identified from the worms. The largest protein family consisted of metabolic enzymes. Structural, motor and receptor binding proteins and proteins related to oxygen transport were identified in th…
Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis and Echin…
2011
SUMMARYWith the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune cross-reactivity between the trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and Echinostoma caproni in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected with S. haematobium and E. caproni fo…
Helminth communities of two green frogs (Rana perezi and Rana saharica) from both shores of the Alboran Sea.
2006
Les communautes d'helminthes de deux populations de grenouilles vertes des rivages de la mer d'Alboran (mediterraneen occidental) ont ete etudiees. Des 79 grenouilles examinees pour etudier les helminthes, 39 exemplaires de Rana saharica ont ete captures a Bab-Taza (Maroc), et 40 de l'espece Rana perezi dans le Parc Naturel Sierra de Grazalema (Espagne). Bien que la richesse des especes d'helminthes soient identique dans les deux secteurs d'echantillonnage, les differences observees dans la structure des infracommunautes d'helminthes sont assez importantes. Statistiquement, des differences significatives ont ete trouvees entre la richesse en especes et la diversite des infracommunautes chez…
Affinity and efficacy of racemic, (+)-, and (−)-methacholine in muscarinic inhibition of [3H]-noradrenaline release
1985
The right postganglionic sympathetic nerves of rat isolated perfused hearts (previously loaded with [3H]-noradrenaline) were stimulated electrically with 10 trains of 10 pulses at 10 Hz. The inhibition by methacholine of stimulation-evoked [3H]-noradrenaline overflow into the perfusate (determined in the presence of corticosterone, desipramine, phentolamine, and propranolol) was taken as a measure for activation of presynaptic muscarinic receptors. The evoked [3H]-noradrenaline overflow was inhibited by (+)-, racemic, and (-)-methacholine in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. The concentration causing 50% inhibition (IC50) was 0.1, 0.26, and 65 microM, respectively, resulting …
A novel CXCR4 antagonist counteracts paradoxical generation of cisplatin-induced pro-metastatic niches in lung cancer.
2021
Platinum-based chemotherapy remains widely used in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) despite experimental evidence of its potential to induce long-term detrimental effects, including the promotion of pro-metastatic microenvironments. In this study, we investigated the interconnected pathways underlying the promotion of cisplatin-induced metastases. In tumor-free mice, cisplatin treatment resulted in an expansion in the bone marrow of CCR2+CXCR4+Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes (IMs) and an increase in lung levels of stromal SDF-1, the CXCR4 ligand. In experimental lung metastasis assays, cisplatin-induced IMs promoted the extravasation of tumor cells and the expansion of CD133+CXCR…
Mechanism-based predictions of interactions.
1994
Abstract Exposure to more than one toxic compound is common in real life. The resulting toxic effects are often more than the simple sum of the effects of the individual compounds. It is unlikely that it will ever be possible to test all combinations. It is therefore highly desirable to improve or develop means for reasonably approximating predictions of interactions. In order to be valid and extrapolatable, these predictions are most promising if they are mechanism-based. Examples will be given for possibilities of mechanism-based predictions of interactions which exceed trivialities of simple increases by enzyme induction of enzymatic rates of a given biotransformation pathway leading to …
Adolescent pre-exposure to ethanol or MDMA prolongs the conditioned rewarding effects of MDMA
2011
Adolescents often take ethanol (EtOH) in combination with MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine). In the present work we studied the effect of repeated intermittent adolescent pre-exposure to both drugs on the behavioral and neurochemical effects of MDMA in mice. Sixteen days after pre-treatment, the rewarding and reinstating effects of MDMA in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm were evaluated, along with the levels of biogenic amines, basal motor activity and corticosterone response to different challenges. Pre-exposure to EtOH, MDMA or EtOH+MDMA did not affect the CPP induced by 10mg/kg of MDMA. However, adolescent exposure to EtOH or MDMA increased the duration of the co…
Sex-related effects in the superhydrophobic properties of damselfly wings in young and old Calopteryx splendens.
2013
Numerous sex-related morphological adaptations are connected to reproductive behavior in animals. For example, females of some insect species can submerge during oviposition, which may lead to sex-related adaptations in the hydrophobicity (water-repellency) due to specialization of certain morphological structures. On the other hand, ageing can cause changes in hydrophobicity of the surface, because the morphological structures can wear with age. Here, we investigated sex-and age-related differences in wing hydrophobicity and in morphology (spine density, wax cover characteristics, size of females' pseudopterostigma) potentially related to hydrophobicity of Calopteryx splendens damselflies.…