Search results for "Interleukin 3."
showing 10 items of 76 documents
CD2-mediated autocrine growth of herpes virus saimiri-transformed human T lymphocytes.
1992
Herpes virus saimiri (HVS) immortalizes T lymphocytes from a variety of primates and causes acute T cell lymphomas and leukemias in nonnatural primate hosts. Here we have analyzed the requirements for growth of three HVS-transformed human T cell lines. The cells expressed the phenotype of activated T cells: two were CD4+, and one was CD8+. All three cells responded to all allogeneic human cell lines tested with enhanced proliferation, production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), and increased expression of the IL-2 receptor. Binding of CD2 to its ligand CD58 was the critical event mediating stimulation because: (a) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD2 and to CD58, but not to a variety of other surfac…
Defective T cell receptor/CD3 complex signaling in human type I diabetes
1994
The autoimmune process leading to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells is mediated by T lymphocytes. Peripheral T cells from subjects with preclinical and clinical type I diabetes respond weakly in vitro to lectin stimulation. We, therefore, investigated in a group of newly diagnosed diabetic patients the presence of a defect in the signal transduction pathway of the T cell receptor (TcR)/CD3 complex. Following stimulation with anti-CD3-coupled beads, the proliferative response in diabetic T cells was significantly decreased in comparison with that from normal T cells. Interestingly, addition of either recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to the cell culture wa…
Interleukin 27 induces differentiation of neural C6-precursor cells into astrocytes.
2007
Interleukin 6 (IL6)-type cytokines are major regulators of inflammation and thereby contribute to the neuropathology and pathophysiology associated with inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, astrocyte development which is a key process in the development of the CNS is also controlled by cytokines of the IL6-family. Interleukin 27 (IL27) is a recently identified member of this family and has been implicated in the inhibition of TH17 T-cell-responses. Here we show that IL27 and the HHV8 encoded viral IL6 (vIL6) induce C6 glioma cells to differentiate into an astrocyte-like state. Cytokine stimulation led to STAT-factor phosphorylation and consequently to protein expre…
Cigarette smoke alters IL-33 expression and release in airway epithelial cells
2014
AbstractAirway epithelium is a regulator of innate immune responses to a variety of insults including cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke alters the expression and the activation of Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), an innate immunity receptor. IL-33, an alarmin, increases innate immunity Th2 responses. The aims of this study were to explore whether mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) or sera from smokers have altered concentrations of IL-33 and whether cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) alter both intracellular expression (mRNA and protein) and release of IL-33 in bronchial epithelial cells. The role of TLR4 in the expression of IL-33 was also explored.Mini-BALs, but not sera, from smokers show red…
Exclusive transduction of human CD4+ T Cells upon systemic delivery of CD4-targeted lentiviral vectors
2015
Abstract Playing a central role in both innate and adaptive immunity, CD4+ T cells are a key target for genetic modifications in basic research and immunotherapy. In this article, we describe novel lentiviral vectors (CD4-LV) that have been rendered selective for human or simian CD4+ cells by surface engineering. When applied to PBMCs, CD4-LV transduced CD4+ but not CD4− cells. Notably, also unstimulated T cells were stably genetically modified. Upon systemic or intrasplenic administration into mice reconstituted with human PBMCs or hematopoietic stem cells, reporter gene expression was predominantly detected in lymphoid organs. Evaluation of GFP expression in organ-derived cells and blood …
In vitro generation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells from murine naive T cells
2007
CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Recent data indicate that Tregs not only develop in the thymus during ontogeny but can also differentiate from naive T cells in the periphery. The following protocol describes a method by which Tregs are generated in vitro by stimulation of naive T cells in the presence of transforming growth factor beta (Ti-Tregs). In vitro-induced regulatory T cells express markers of conventional Treg such as CD25 and the genetic program committing transcription factor FoxP3. Functionally the in vitro-generated Ti-Tregs suppress T-cell activation and proliferation while in vivo these cells have been proven t…
The gp130-stimulating designer cytokine hyper-IL-6 promotes the expansion of human hematopoietic progenitor cells capable to differentiate into funct…
2000
Abstract Objective . Hyper-IL-6, a fusion protein of interleukin-6 and its specific receptor, together with stem cell factor leads to the proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. Based on these findings, the current study examined whether hyper-IL-6 promotes the growth of precursor cells that can be further differentiated into dendritic cells in the presence of additional cytokines. Methods . Dendritic cell cultures were generated from CD34 + hematopoietic progenitor cells derived either from bone marrow or from peripheral blood. CD34 + cells were cultured in the presence of cytokines for 2 weeks and then used for phenotyping and T-cell stimulation assays. Results . Hyper-…
Differential Regulatory Capacity of CD25+ T Regulatory Cells and Preactivated CD25+ T Regulatory Cells on Development, Functional Activation, and Pro…
2004
Abstract CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells play a central role regarding the maintenance of peripheral tolerance via suppression of autoaggressive CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Th1 cells. In this study we demonstrate that CD25+ Treg cells can also suppress the differentiation of murine conventional CD4+ T cells toward Th2 cells in a contact-dependent manner. However, the cytokine production and proliferation of established Th2 cells could not be inhibited by freshly isolated CD25+ Treg cells, whereas a strong inhibition of differentiated Th2 cells by in vitro preactivated CD25+ Treg cells could be observed. Inhibition of both conventional CD4+ T cells and Th2 cells is accompanied by a stron…
The receptor NLRP3 is a transcriptional regulator of TH2 differentiation.
2015
The receptor NLRP3 is involved in the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome that activates caspase-1 and mediates the release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Whether NLRP3 can shape immunological function independently of inflammasomes is unclear. We found that NLRP3 expression in CD4(+) T cells specifically supported a T helper type 2 (TH2) transcriptional program in a cell-intrinsic manner. NLRP3, but not the inflammasome adaptor ASC or caspase-1, positively regulated a TH2 program. In TH2 cells, NLRP3 bound the Il4 promoter and transactivated it in conjunction with the transcription factor IRF4. Nlrp3-deficient TH2 cells supported melanoma tumor growth in an IL-4-dependent manner and …
Co-activation of naive CD4+ T cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells results in the development of Th2 cells
1995
Activation of naive dense CD4+ T cells by plate-bound anti-CD3 antibodies favors the development of Th1 cells which, upon re-stimulation, produce significant amounts of IFN-gamma but no IL-4. However, co-activation of such naive T cells in the presence of IgE [anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)]-loaded bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) on plates coated with anti-CD3 antibodies and DNP-BSA led to the development of IL-4-producing Th2 cells. The same result could be observed if irradiated (800 rad) BMMC were applied as co-stimulators. Moreover, BMMC could be replaced by the supernatant of IgE-activated BMMC suggesting that a soluble mediator, presumably IL-4, was responsible for this effect. This a…