Search results for "International"
showing 10 items of 4922 documents
Wpływ Brexitu na współpracę sądową w sprawach karnych w Unii Europejskiej
2020
Wystąpienie Zjednoczonego Królestwa z Unii Europejskiej stanowi jedno z głównych wyzwań dla dalszego funkcjonowania europejskiego obszaru wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych. W niniejszym artykule szczególna uwaga zostanie zwrócona na wybrane aspekty zapewnienia dalszej współpracy sądowej w sprawach karnych po Brexicie. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim możliwości dalszego udziału Zjednoczonego Królestwa w specyficznych organach wspomagających obrót prawny w ramach tej współpracy (tj. w ramach Eurojustu i Europolu) oraz stosowania instrumentów prawnych urzeczywistniających zasadę wzajemnego uznawania orzeczeń, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sztandarowego instrumentu prawnego, tj. europejski…
Screening of Foreign Direct Investment and the States’ Security Interests in Light of the OECD, UNCTAD and Other International Guidelines
2021
AbstractThis chapter analyses the concept of the “national security interest”, which is widely recognised as allowing a state to determine which areas of its economy are restricted or prohibited to foreign investors. This chapter seeks to identify what constitutes a threat for a state and how that threat is managed both domestically and internationally. Despite the recognition of a state’s right to take measures it considers essential to its security, there are limits. The rules established by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and other international instruments are non-binding but can serve …
From ‘polluter pays’ to ‘polluter does not pollute’
2016
Abstract Non-binding agreements, minor sanctions in the form of payment obligations and shaming have been the usual policy responses against environmental harms. In addition to this, many existing pieces of legislation on international environmental law and governance are based on good intent and voluntary agreement and they have proven to be limited or ineffective. This article argues that, at the current state of the climate crisis, there is no more room for negotiations and proposals which lead to false solutions. Acknowledging that, legal solutions to environmental problems require new formulations which incorporate a different understanding of nature and its non-human inhabitants; this…
Communication Practices and Social Tie Formation: A Case Study of Recreational Lifestyle Sports Cultures
2017
This case study examines contemporary recreational sports practitioners’ communication practices and social tie formation from the perspective of two lifestyle sports disciplines: climbing and trail running. Online survey results from 301 climbers and trail runners from Finland indicate that computer-mediated communication (CMC) has established its place in recreational lifestyle sports cultures; however, it has not done it at the expense of face-to-face (FtF) communication. Online interaction produces weak social ties with instrumental and informative value, but physical location is essential in establishing ties with emotional and appraisal value. This paper argues that it is the sports s…
China in Pakistan and the wider region: A cautious but effective leader?
2018
This article assesses China–Pakistan-Afghanistan relations in the period 2014–2018 and asks whether China has exercised distinct pressure on Pakistan to be a more constructive partner for Afghanistan. A central argument is that even as China has failed to alter Pakistan’s policies significantly in the short term it is still continuing to successfully build power and trust in Pakistan and Afghanistan, as well as with their neighbours to the north and west. This bodes well for China’s exercise of regional leadership in a long-term perspective.
Another "French paradox": explaining why interest rates to microenterprises dit not increase with the change in French usury legislation
2015
Conventional wisdom indicates that the growth of credit may not materialize if credit rates remain capped by usury laws, as had long been the case in France. France therefore abolished usury ceilings on loans to microenterprise in an effort to increase financing for microentrepreneurs. This should have led to an increase in interest rates and increase in microcredit. However, we do not find any increase in interest rates and this is therefore a paradox. The paper provides a brief literature review and the salient features of the legislative changes in France. It follows this up with a presentation of interest rate movements. The discussion of possible explanations of the paradox includes cl…
“Cadenas de papel”. Un estudio del “Análisis de la Constitución española” (1823) de Karl-Ludwig von Haller
2016
Este trabajo pretende reconstruir la impugnacion que el polemista suizo Karl-Ludwig von Haller realizo a la Carta Magna gaditana de 1812 en su libro Analisis de la Constitucion Espanola (1823). Ademas, se estudia la segunda parte del escrito donde desenmascaro los planes de la conspiracion universal jacobina y los medios para efectuar una verdadera “restauracion”. Todo ello cotejando las dos traducciones al castellano de 1823 que demuestran la pluralidad del temprano antiliberalismo. Fecha de envio / Submission Date: 28-09-2015 Fecha de aceptacion / Acceptance Date: 30-10-2015
The Latvian referendum on Russian as a second state language, February 2012
2016
On 18 February 2012 Latvian citizens participated in a referendum on making Russian a second official (“state”) language. The proposal was rejected by three-quarters of voters. There is a complex background to language policy in Latvia, where since regaining independence in 1991 the country has promoted Latvian as the only state language, though Russian and other languages are widely used at a societal level. The language law and associated citizenship law in Latvia (as in Estonia) have received considerable commentary, with recent significant writings disagreeing strongly regarding their interpretation. These laws have also very often been criticized by both European institutions and by Ru…
Sharing cultural knowledge at work: a study of chat interactions of an internationally dispersed team
2015
Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan etnometodologisen jäsenkategorisoinnin analyysin avulla, kuinka kansainvälisesti hajautetun tiimin jäsenet jakavat kulttuurista tietoa Skype™ -keskusteluissaan. Tarkemmin katsotaan sitä, miten osallistujat luokittelevat itsensä ja muut tiimin jäsenet ’kulttuurisiksi tietäjiksi’ ja ’ei tietäjiksi’. Analyysissa havaittiin neljä tapaa, joilla tiimin jäsenet jakoivat tietoa samalla kun he hallinnoivat tehtävien jakelua ja suorittamista sekä rakensivat yhteisymmärrystä vuorovaikutuksessa. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että kulttuurinen tieto on dynaamisesti muuttuvaa, kontekstisidonnaista ja vuorovaikutuksessa rakentuvaa. Sen sijaan että kulttuurisuus haittais…
Teaching English as a Non-Imperial Language in an Underprivileged Public School in Spain
2018
This article summarizes the processes and findings of a 2-year collaborative action research (CAR) project that analyzed and aimed to counteract some of the most negative educational effects of English linguistic imperialism in the field of English language teaching (ELT) and, more concretely, in the context of English as a foreign language education in Spain. The CAR investigated the ramifications of this phenomenon in a primary school located in one of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the city of València. The pedagogical alternative it embraced in order to reverse the underlying tenets of ELT under present-day neoliberal imperialism consisted in combining art and multimodality thr…