Search results for "Intestin"
showing 10 items of 2215 documents
Endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
2005
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common chronic disorder which has a severe effect on the patient's quality of life. In view of the high cost of medical therapy and the limitations of surgery, a variety of endoscopic techniques have been developed for the treatment of this condition, and these have shown apparently encouraging results, at least in the short term. However, promising results have been obtained in only around two-thirds of patients over a short-term follow-up period of about 6 months. Moreover, several inconsistencies have emerged between the efficacy of this form of treatment in improving symptoms and quality of life and a lack of improvement of objective parameters, such…
The Videofluorographic Swallowing Study in Rheumatologic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
2017
Autoimmune connective tissue diseases are a heterogeneous group of pathologies that affect about 10% of world population with chronic evolution in 20%–80%. Inflammation in autoimmune diseases may lead to serious damage to other organs including the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in these patients may also due to both a direct action of antibodies against organs and pharmacological therapies. Dysphagia is one of the most important symptom, and it is caused by failure of the swallowing function and may lead to aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, and airway obstruction. The videofluorographic swallowing study is a key diagnostic tool in the…
Radiological Features of Gastrointestinal Lymphoma.
2016
Gastrointestinal lymphomas represent 5–20% of extranodal lymphomas and mainly occur in the stomach and small intestine. Clinical findings are not specific, thus often determining a delay in the diagnosis. Imaging features at conventional and cross-sectional imaging must be known by the radiologist since he/she plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and disease assessment, thus assisting in the choice of the optimal treatment to patients. This review focuses on the wide variety of imaging presentation of esophageal, gastric, and small and large bowel lymphoma presenting their main imaging appearances at conventional and cross-sectional imaging, mainly focusing on computed tomography and magne…
Chemically induced mouse models of colitis.
2012
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both of which are referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that have characteristic clinical, pathological, endoscopic, and radiologic features. Knowledge about the pathogenesis of IBD has dramatically increased in recent years based in part on the use of experimental models of IBD. Although none of these models exactly mimics the human disorder, they have proven to be useful for studying many important aspects of these conditions. Detailed in this unit is a description of the most commonly used chemically induced mouse models of IBD. These include trinitrobenzene sulfo…
Unpredictable Performance of pH-Dependent Coatings Accentuates the Need for Improved Predictive in Vitro Test Systems.
2017
First introduced in the second half of the 19th century, enteric coatings are commonly used to protect acid-labile drugs, reduce the risk of gastric side effects due to irritating drugs, or for local drug delivery to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The currently available enteric-coatings are based on pH-sensitive weakly acidic polymers. Despite the long history of their use, the causes behind their performance often being unpredictable have not been properly investigated with most of the attention being focused only on the gastric emptying. However, little attention has been given to the postgastric emptying disintegration and dissolution of these dosage forms. This lack of attentio…
Imaging Assessment of Gastroduodenal Perforations.
2016
Gastroduodenal perforation is an emergency situation that usually requires early recognition and well-timed surgical treatment. It can arise from different natural, iatrogenic, or traumatic causes, and it can present with various symptoms especially in the early phase. This article reviews the role of the different imaging techniques in the diagnosis of gastroduodenal perforation, focusing on the direct and indirect signs that are encountered in conventional radiography and computed tomography; our personal experience is also provided.
An unmet medical need:advances in endoscopic imaging of colorectal neoplasia
2011
Gastrointestinal cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Detection of early neoplastic lesions in gastrointestinal tract is essential for cure, because prognosis and survival are related to the size and stage of malignant lesions. Endoscopic screening and treatment of polyps could prevent approximately 80% of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, white-light endoscopy is an imperfect technology since miss rates of up to 25% have been reported and polyps without malignant potential were treated without benefit but with additional costs and risks to the patient. There are several known "human" predictors of an inadequate colonoscopy. These include patient characteristics such as poor b…
Endoscopic mucosal resection: an evolving therapeutic strategy for non-polypoid colorectal neoplasia
2004
Endoscopic management for laterally spreading tumours of the colorectum is a safe and effective treatment and may be an alternative to surgery in selected patients Colorectal cancer develops in approximately 5–6% of the adult population and is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Europe and the USA.1,2 Screening colonoscopy is the widely accepted gold standard for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and should be offered to patients older than 50 years.3–5 However, colonoscopy is increasingly in competition with computed tomographic virtual endoscopy.6 Therefore, it is essential to understand whether total colonoscopy rather than virtual endoscopy enables the detection of all relev…
Distribution of Met-enkephalyl-Arg-Gly-Leu in rat larynx: partial coexistence with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine isoleucine an…
1990
Abstract Using light microscopic (LM) enzyme-immunohistochemistry on deparaffinized adjacent sections Met-enkephalyl-Arg-Gly-Leu (ME-RGL) immunoreactivity was found to partially coexist with immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in intrinsic laryngeal neurons of the rat. Further ME-RGL-immunoreactive (ir) fibres were found around glands in the subepithelium, in connective tissue of striated muscle and in the perichondrium, as well as around arterial and venous blood vessels. They frequently contacted mast cells and macrophages. The presence of ME-RGL indicates pro-enkephalin-related origin of this novel laryngeal …
The safety of intravenous fluorescein for confocal laser endomicroscopy in the gastrointestinal tract
2010
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 548–552 Summary Background Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is rapidly emerging as a valuable tool for gastrointestinal endoscopic imaging. Fluorescent contrast agents are used to optimize imaging with CLE, and intravenous fluorescein is the most widely used contrast agent. Fluorescein is FDA-cleared for diagnostic angiography of the retina. For these indications, the safety profile of fluorescein has been well-documented; however, to date, fluorescein is not cleared for use with CLE. Aims To estimate the rate of serious and total adverse events attributable to intravenous fluorescein when used for gastrointestinal CLE. Methods We performed a cross sectional…