Search results for "Intestinal mucosa"
showing 10 items of 373 documents
Morphometrische Untersuchungen an Darminterponaten nach totaler Gastrektomie
1982
Im Tierexperiment wurden nach totaler Gastrektomie die Bildung eines Ersatzmagens mit verschiedenen Darminterponaten sowie der Oesophago-Jejunostomie mit Roux-Y-Anastomose durchgefuhrt. Bei der Relaparotomie nach 3monatiger postoperativer Uberlebenszeit wurden die Interponate an ausgewahlten Stellen morphometrisch untersucht. Als deutlichste Veranderung fiel bei allen Dunndarmersatzmagen eine starke muskulare Wandhypertrophie auf, die vor allem die Ringmuskulatur betraf. Beim Colonersatzmagen, der physiologisch eine dickere Wandmuskulatur besitzt, war die Hypertrophie sehr viel geringer. Als pathogenetischer Faktor dieser Veranderung gilt die Volumenbelastung, der der Ersatzmagen an dieser …
Zur Immunpathogenese der chronisch entz�ndlichen Darmerkrankungen
2000
Die chronisch entzundlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED: Morbus Crohn, Colitis ulcerosa) sind durch schubartig verlaufende destruierende Entzundungsreaktionen der Darmschleimhaut gekennzeichnet. In den letzten Jahren konnte gezeigt werden, das bei diesen Erkrankungen eine pathologische Aktivierung des intestinalen Immunsystems durch mucosale Antigene auftritt. In der chronischen Phase der Erkankungen sowie bei der Entwicklung postoperativer Rezidive sind Anderungen in der Zellmigration sowie der Cytokinproduktion intestinaler Zellen wahrscheinlich von entscheidender Bedeutung. Basierend auf diesen neuen pathogenetischen Erkenntnissen werden zur Zeit innovative klinische Behandlungsstrategien gete…
Comparative analysis of Hsp10 and Hsp90 expression in healthy mucosa and adenocarcinoma of the large bowel.
2014
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) assist other proteins in their folding and drive the degradation of defective proteins. During evolution, these proteins have also acquired other roles. Hsp10 is involved in immunomodulation and tumor progression. Hsp90 stabilizes a range of "client" proteins involved in cell signaling. The present study evaluated the expression levels of Hsp10 and Hsp90 in normal mucosa and adenocarcinoma samples of human large bowel.Samples of normal mucosa and adenocarcinoma were collected and Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR, western blotting (WB) analyses, as well as immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the expression levels of Hsp10 and Hsp90…
Orally based diagnosis of celiac disease:current perspective
2008
Celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong immune-mediated disorder caused by the ingestion of wheat gluten in genetically susceptible persons. Most cases of CD are atypical and remain undiagnosed, which exposes the individuals to the risk of life-threatening complications. Serologic endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests are used to screen at-risk individuals, although a firm diagnosis requires demonstration of characteristic histopathologic findings in the small-intestinal mucosa. A gluten challenge, with a repeat biopsy to demonstrate recurrence of histopathologic changes in the intestinal mucosa after the re-introduction of gluten, is considered for those persons in whom diagnosi…
Interferon-λ and interleukin 22 act synergistically for the induction of interferon-stimulated genes and control of rotavirus infection.
2015
The epithelium is the main entry point for many viruses, but the processes that protect barrier surfaces against viral infections are incompletely understood. Here we identified interleukin 22 (IL-22) produced by innate lymphoid cell group 3 (ILC3) as an amplifier of signaling via interferon-λ (IFN-λ), a synergism needed to curtail the replication of rotavirus, the leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis. Cooperation between the receptor for IL-22 and the receptor for IFN-λ, both of which were 'preferentially' expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), was required for optimal activation of the transcription factor STAT1 and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These d…
Reciprocal IFN-gamma and TGF-beta responses regulate the occurrence of mucosal inflammation.
1997
The above new findings concerning the immunological mechanisms governing mucosa, immune responses and oral tolerance in TCR-transgenic mice, as well as those operative in mice with experimental colitis, greatly expand our understanding of the processes that normally control mucosal inflammation and possibly other types of inflammation as well (Fig. 1). They indicate that, in the nondiseased mouse, ingested proteins evoke a Th1-cell (IFN-gamma) response in the mucosal follicles that is quickly counter-regulated by induction of T-cell anergy/deletion, if this Th1-cell response is inhibited (experimentally by anti-IL-12), TGF beta-producing cells appear, and these are capable of active immune …
In situ kinetic modelling of intestinal efflux in rats: functional characterization of segmental differences and correlation with in vitro results.
2007
The objective was to devise and apply a novel modelling approach to combine segmental in situ rat perfusion data and in vitro cell culture data, in order to elucidate the contribution of efflux in drug absorption kinetics. The fluoroquinolone CNV97100 was used as a model P-gp substrate. In situ intestinal perfusion was performed in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon to measure the influence of P-gp expression on efflux. Inhibition studies of CNV97100 were performed in the presence of verapamil, quinidine, cyclosporin A and p-aminohippuric acid. Absorption/efflux parameters were modelled simultaneously, using data from both in situ studies as well as in vitro studies. The maximal efflux …
In-situ intestinal rat perfusions for human Fabs prediction and BCS permeability class determination: Investigation of the single-pass vs. the Doluis…
2015
Intestinal drug permeability has been recognized as a critical determinant of the fraction dose absorbed, with direct influence on bioavailability, bioequivalence and biowaiver. The purpose of this research was to compare intestinal permeability values obtained by two different intestinal rat perfusion methods: the single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model and the Doluisio (closed-loop) rat perfusion method. A list of 15 model drugs with different permeability characteristics (low, moderate, and high, as well as passively and actively absorbed) was constructed. We assessed the rat intestinal permeability of these 15 model drugs in both SPIP and the Doluisio methods, and evaluated the co…
Integrating theoretical and experimental permeability estimations for provisional biopharmaceutical classification: Application to the WHO essential …
2018
The accuracy of the provisional estimation of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is heavily influenced by the permeability measurement. In this study, several theoretical and experimental models currently employed for BCS permeability classification have been analysed. The experimental models included the in situ rat intestinal perfusion, the ex vivo rat intestinal tissue in an Ussing chamber, the MDCK and Caco-2 cell monolayers, and the parallel artificial membrane (PAMPA). The theoretical models included the octanol-water partition coefficient and the QSPeR (Quantitative Structure-Permeability Relationship) model recently developed. For model validation, a dataset of 43 comp…
Interleukin-12 and -23 Control Plasticity of CD127(+) Group 1 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Intestinal Lamina Propria.
2015
Human group 1 ILCs consist of at least three phenotypically distinct subsets, including NK cells, CD127(+) ILC1, and intraepithelial CD103(+) ILC1. In inflamed intestinal tissues from Crohn's disease patients, numbers of CD127(+) ILC1 increased at the cost of ILC3. Here we found that differentiation of ILC3 to CD127(+) ILC1 is reversible in vitro and in vivo. CD127(+) ILC1 differentiated to ILC3 in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-23, and IL-1β dependent on the transcription factor RORγt, and this process was enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid. Furthermore, we observed in resection specimen from Crohn's disease patients a higher proportion of CD14(+) dendritic cells (DC), whi…