Search results for "Intracellular"
showing 10 items of 821 documents
Polyphenols from Pennisetum glaucum grains induce MAP kinase phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in human osteosarcoma cells
2019
Abstract Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor with a high prevalence among children and adolescents. Polyphenols are widely investigated for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic proprieties. In the present study, we explored the pro-apoptotic effects of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, phenolic compounds (PGPC) on osteosarcoma U-2OS cells. Our results show that PGPC induced U-2OS cells death, in a dose dependent manner, with an IC50 of 80 μg/mL. Annexin-V and 7-AAD staining show that PGPC induced cell death mainly through caspase-dependent apoptosis as shown by a decrease in cell death when co-treated with pan-caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketon…
The HDAC6 Inhibitor tubacin induces release of CD133+ extracellular vesicles from cancer cells
2017
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as an important mode of intercellular communication, capable of transferring biologically active molecules that facilitate the malignant growth and metastatic process. CD133 (Prominin-1), a stem cell marker implicated in tumor initiation, differentiation and resistance to anti-cancer therapy, is reportedly associated with EVs in various types of cancer. However, little is known about the factors that regulate the release of these CD133+ EVs. Here, we report that the HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin promoted the extracellular release of CD133+ EVs from human FEMX-I metastatic melanoma and Caco-2 colorectal carcinoma cells, with a concomitant dow…
Alzheimer's Disease and Molecular Chaperones: Current Knowledge and the Future of Chaperonotherapy
2016
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a dementia, a neurodegenerative condition, and a protein-misfolding disease or proteinopathy, characterized by protein deposits, extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which contain the AD’s typical pathological proteins, abnormal [1]-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively, and are located predominantly in the cortex of the frontal, parietal, and temporal brain lobes. What is the role of molecular chaperones in AD? Data indicate that molecular chaperones, also known as Hsp, are involved in AD, probably displaying protective roles and/or acting as pathogenic factors as it occurs in chaperonopathies in which case AD …
Anhydrobiosis and Dehydration of Yeasts
2017
Anhydrobiosis is a unique phenomenon of nature which gives possibility to various live organisms to survive during very hot and dry seasons of the year. It is the state in which all processes of metabolism are temporarily reversibly suspended as the result of strong dehydration of the cells. The state of anhydrobiosis is used for industrial production of active dry yeasts. Results of detailed studies of mechanisms of anhydrobiosis and of changes in the cells which take place during their drying by different methods help to improve the dehydration resistance of yeast strains necessary in traditional and nonconventional biotechnologies. The progress which has been made in these researches wit…
Harnessing mechanosensation in next generation cardiovascular tissue engineering
2020
The ability of the cells to sense mechanical cues is an integral component of ”social” cell behavior inside tissues with a complex architecture. Through ”mechanosensation” cells are in fact able to decrypt motion, geometries and physical information of surrounding cells and extracellular matrices by activating intracellular pathways converging onto gene expression circuitries controlling cell and tissue homeostasis. Additionally, only recently cell mechanosensation has been integrated systematically as a crucial element in tissue pathophysiology. In the present review, we highlight some of the current efforts to assess the relevance of mechanical sensing into pathology modeling and manufact…
Uptake of polyphosphate microparticles in vitro (SaOS-2 and HUVEC cells) followed by an increase of the intracellular ATP pool size
2017
Recently two approaches were reported that addressed a vitally important problem in regenerative medicine, i. e. the successful treatment of wounds even under diabetic conditions. Accordingly, these studies with diabetic rabbits [Sarojini et al. PLoS One 2017, 12(4):e0174899] and diabetic mice [Müller et al. Polymers 2017, 9, 300] identified a novel (potential) target for the acceleration of wound healing in diabetes. Both studies propose a raise of the intracellular metabolic energy status via exogenous administration either of ATP, encapsulated into lipid vesicles, or of polyphosphate (polyP) micro-/nanoparticles. Recently this physiological polymer, polyP, was found to release metabolic …
Loss-of-Function Mutations in UNC45A Cause a Syndrome Associating Cholestasis, Diarrhea, Impaired Hearing, and Bone Fragility
2018
International audience; Despite the rapid discovery of genes for rare genetic disorders, we continue to encounter individuals presenting with syndromic manifestations. Here, we have studied four affected people in three families presenting with cholestasis, congenital diarrhea, impaired hearing, and bone fragility. Whole-exome sequencing of all affected individuals and their parents identified biallelic mutations in Unc-45 Myosin Chaperone A (UNC45A) as a likely driver for this disorder. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo functional studies of the candidate gene indicated a loss-of-function paradigm, wherein mutations attenuated or abolished protein activity with concomitant defects in gut dev…
A Multi-Parametric Fluorescent Assay for the Screening and Mechanistic Study of Drug-Induced Steatosis in Liver Cells in Culture.
2017
Human hepatic cells have been used for drug safety risk evaluations throughout early development phases. They provide rapid, cost-effective early feedback to identify drug candidates with potential hepatotoxicity. This unit presents a cell-based assay to evaluate the risk of liver damage associated with steatogenic drugs. Detailed protocols for cell exposure to test compounds and for the assessment of steatosis-related cell parameters (intracellular lipid content, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial impairment, and cell death) are provided. A few representative results that illustrate the utility of this procedure for the screening of drug-induced steatosis are shown. © 2017 b…
A lipidomic cell-based assay for studying drug-induced phospholipidosis and steatosis
2017
Phospholipidosis and steatosis are two toxic effects, which course with overaccumulation of different classes of lipids in the liver. MS-based lipidomics has become a powerful tool for the comprehensive determination of lipids. LC-MS lipid profiling of HepG2 cells is proposed as an in vitro assay to study and anticipate phospholipidosis and steatosis. Cells with and without pre-incubation with a mixture of free fatty acids (FFA) (i.e., oleic and palmitic) were exposed to a set of well-known steatogenic and phospholipidogenic compounds. The use of FFA pre-loading accelerated the accumulation of phospholipids thus leading to a better discrimination of phospholipidosis, and magnified the lipid…
Effects of the LPA1 Receptor Deficiency and Stress on the Hippocampal LPA Species in Mice
2019
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important bioactive lipid species that functions in intracellular signaling through six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Among these receptors, LPA1 is a strong candidate to mediate the central effects of LPA on emotion and may be involved in promoting normal emotional behaviors. Alterations in this receptor may induce vulnerability to stress and predispose an individual to a psychopathological disease. In fact, mice lacking the LPA1 receptor exhibit emotional dysregulation and cognitive alterations in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Moreover, the loss of this receptor results in a phenotype of low resilience with dysfunctional coping in res…