Search results for "Ionizing Radiation"

Radiation protection in non-ionizing and ionizing body composition assessment procedures

2020

Body composition assessment (BCA) represents a valid instrument to evaluate nutritional status through the quantification of lean and fat tissue, in healthy subjects and sick patients. According to the clinical indication, body composition (BC) can be assessed by different modalities. To better analyze radiation risks for patients involved, BCA procedures can be divided into two main groups: the first based on the use of ionizing radiation (IR), involving dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT), and others based on non-ionizing radiation (NIR) [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. Ultrasound (US) techniques using mechanical waves represent a separate group. The pur…

Nucleoplasmic bridges and acrocentric chromosome associations as early markers of exposure to low levels of ionising radiation in occupationally expo…

2014

Ionising radiation, with the contribution of telomere shortening, induces DNA double-strand breaks that result in chromosome end fusion, nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and chromosome aberrations (ChAbs) as well as dicentric chromosomes. In order to investigate the chromosomal damage induced by occupational ionising radiation at low exposure levels, and to find early markers of health hazard, peripheral lymphocytes of occupationally exposed hospital workers were cytogenetically analysed. Results showed a significant difference in the frequency of ChAbs in exposed subjects relative to controls. A significant number of NPBs between nuclei of binucleated cultured lymphocytes from exposed subjects…

Estimated radiation exposure of German commercial airline cabin crew in the years 1960-2003 modeled using dose registry data for 2004-2015.

2016

Exposure to ionizing radiation of cosmic origin is an occupational risk factor in commercial aircrew. In a historic cohort of 26,774 German aircrew, radiation exposure was previously estimated only for cockpit crew using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Here, a new method for retrospectively estimating cabin crew dose is developed. The German Federal Radiation Registry (SSR) documents individual monthly effective doses for all aircrew. SSR-provided doses on 12,941 aircrew from 2004 to 2015 were used to model cabin crew dose as a function of age, sex, job category, solar activity, and male pilots' dose; the mean annual effective dose was 2.25 mSv (range 0.01–6.39 mSv). In addition to an inverse …

Retrospective dosimetry for Latvian workers at Chernobyl.

2001

Between 1986 and 1991 approximately 6500 Latvian inhabitants were recruited for clean-up work at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Their absorbed doses are usually unknown, because less than half of them had their external exposure officially documented. Clinical investigations show a high morbidity rate for these clean-up workers when compared with that of the general population. In order to understand the causes of their diseases and the impact of ionising radiation, electron spin resonance (ESR) has been used to measure the absorbed doses in human tooth enamel. The doses estimated by ESR were between two and three times higher than previously documented and are in accord with the result…

Complete written/oral information about dose exposure in CT: is it really useful to guarantee the patients' awareness about radiation risks?

2018

Aims and objectives: According to the European directive 2013/59/Euratom, starting from February 2018, the information relating to patient exposure will be part of computed tomography (CT) reports, but the impact of this information on patients has not been deeply evaluated. Aim of our study was to evaluate patients’ perception of radiation exposure related to routine CT and their understanding after communication of their dose exposure. Materials and methods: A survey, investigating patient’s knowledge of radiation dose, was given to all adult patients (> 18 years) undergoing a CT examination both before and after CT scan. The first survey was the same for all patients. After CT scan, a se…

Fetal dose measurements and shielding efficiency assessment in a custom setup of (192)Ir brachytherapy for a pregnant woman with breast cancer.

2015

To assess the radiation dose to the fetus of a pregnant patient undergoing high-dose-rate (HDR) (192)Ir interstitial breast brachytherapy, and to design a new patient setup and lead shielding technique that minimizes the fetal dose.Radiochromic films were placed between the slices of an anthropomorphic phantom modeling the patient. The pregnant woman was seated in a chair with the breast over a table and inside a leaded box. Dose variation as a function of distance from the implant volume as well as dose homogeneity within a representative slice of the fetal position was evaluated without and with shielding.With shielding, the peripheral dose after a complete treatment ranged from 50 cGy at…

Cell, molecular and inflammatory breast cancer response to IntraOperative Electron Radiation Therapy (IOERT)

2016

Zur Pharmakologie ionisierender Strahlen

1954

Unter Verwendung des Mause-Ascitestumors wurden eine Reihe von Veranderungen der hormonalen Situation des Wirtstieres auf das Tumorwachstum untersucht: Exstirpation von innersekretorischen Drusen, Rontgenbestrahlung, Ultraviolettbestrahlung, Kalte, Zufuhr verschiedener Hormone. Alle diese Eingriffe hatten keinen Einflus auf das Tumorwachstum. In gleicher Weise wurde mit 2000 r in vivo bestrahlter Ascitestumor verwendet. Hierbei ergab eine Vorbestrahlung des Thymus der Empfangertiere eine Steigerung der Lebenserwartung gegenuber den unbehandelten Kontrolltieren.

PROPERTIES OF IONIZING RADIATION CURED POLYMER MATRICES FOR CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES AFTER AGEING DUE TO MOISTURE ABSORPTION AND THERMAL TREATMENT

2008

Vibrational effects in Na2( , v′)+Na(3p3/2) associative ionization

1999

Abstract Associative ionizing Na2( A 1 Σ + u , v′)+Na(3p3/2) collisions have been studied in a single supersonic beam with respect to the influence of the initial vibrational excitation of the molecules on the reaction efficiency. An enhancement of trimer ion yield of nearly one order of magnitude has been observed as the vibrational excitation increases from v′=0 to v′=14.