Search results for "JUNCTION"
showing 10 items of 862 documents
Discourse markers and modality in spoken Catalan: The case of (és) clar
2012
Abstract The present paper illustrates the fuzzy limits between modality markers and discourse markers by analysing the different uses based on the word clar ‘clear’ in oral Catalan. Clar is lexically described as an adjective, but it has developed different functions in various syntactic and pragmatic contexts. In the adverbial and the interjective uses, (es) clar (que) ‘it is clear that’ is a modality marker indicating certainty and shared knowledge. As a conjunction, clar que has developed a concessive meaning (‘but, nevertheless’). When (es) clar acts as a discourse marker (i.e. introducing an utterance) it can be an effective mitigation device used to soften a potentially face-threaten…
Pied-piping domains and adjunction coincide in Finnish
2012
It is well-known thatwh-pronouns may pied-pipe their containing host phrases as they move to their final scope positions. In Finnish, such pied-piping requires further that awh-element is situated at the left edge of host phrases, a position in which it ends up either through base generation or throughwh-movement. This article investigates which independent properties define such pied-piping domains. An empirical generalization will be defended according to which a phrase constitutes such pied-piping domain if and only if it is adjoinable. The hypothesis that pied-piping domains are islands is put into question. Secondarywh-movement, pied-piping and adjunction are thus intrinsically linked …
Illusory conjunctions in French: The nature of sublexical units in visual word recognition
2005
The respective influence of orthographic redundancy (Seidenberg, 1987) and syllable boundaries (Rapp, 1992) on reading units in French was tested in three experiments, using the illusory conjunction paradigm (Prinzmetal, Treiman, & Rho, 1986). Bigram boundaries were defined according to bigram frequencies. The data showed that the syllable effect was attenuated or cancelled when syllable boundaries did not coincide with bigram boundaries. Reading units were defined by syllable and orthographic information. The implications of such findings for the dual route theory and the PDP model are discussed.
El informe de arbitraje científico: Sobre cortesía atenuadora y sexo del evaluador
2020
This article defines, from a theoretical perspective, the scientific arbitration report as discursive genre, located in a chain of genres with two recipients, the purpose being to contextualize why a mitigating courtesy strategy is activated. The objective of the research is twofold: firstly, it attempts to determine which are the specific resources to formulate linguistically the above mentioned strategy in a corpus of arbitration reports; secondly, it aims to unveil whether the sex of the reports’ evaluators is a parameter that influences the impersonality strategy in order to minimize the presence of the subject of the statement. The method of analysis is based on sociocultural pragmati…
Resistance simulations for junctions of SW and MW carbon nanotubes with various metal substrates
2011
Abstract This theoretical study focuses on junctions between the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and contacting metallic elements of a nanocircuit. Numerical simulations on the conductance and resistance of these contacts have been performed using the multiple scattering theory and the effective media cluster approach. Two models for CNT-metal contacts have been considered in this paper: a) first principles “liquid metal” model and b) semi-empirical model of “effective bonds” based on Landauer notions on ballistic conductivity. Within the latter, which is a more adequate description of chirality effects, we have simulated both single-wall (SW) and multi-wall (MW) CNTs with different morphology. Res…
Ideal-valued topological structures
2010
With L a complete lattice and M a continuous lattice, this paper demonstrates an adjunction between M -valued L-topological spaces (i.e. (L,M )-topological spaces) and Idl(M )-valued L-topological spaces where Idl(M ) is the complete lattice of all ideals of M . It is shown that the right adjoint functor provides a procedure of generating (L,M )-topologies from antitone families of (L,M )-topologies. This procedure is then applied to give an internal characterization of joins in the complete lattice of all (L,M )-topologies on a given set.
Guide to Practical Work with the Monte Carlo Method
2002
The guide is structured such that we proceed from the “easy” simulation methods and algorithms to the more sophisticated. For each method the algorithms are presented by the technique of stepwise refinement. We first present the idea and the basic outline. From then on we proceed by breaking up the larger logical and algorithmic structures into smaller ones, until we have reached the level of single basic statements. Sometimes we may elect not to go to such a depth and the reader is asked to fill in the gaps.
Can PBDEs affect the pathophysiologic complex of epithelium in lung diseases?
2020
Brominated flame-retardant (BFRs) exposure promotes multiple adverse health outcomes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissues damage. We investigated BFR effects, known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (47, 99 and 209) in an air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue derived from A549 cell line, and compared with ALI culture of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBEC). The cells, exposed to PBDEs (47, 99 and 209) (0.01-1 mu M) for 24 h, were studied for IL-8, Muc5AC and Muc5B (mRNAs and proteins) production, as well as NOX-4 (mRNA) expression. Furthermore, we evaluated tight junction (TJ) integrity by Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) measurements, …
Analysis of soliton dynamics and noise induced effects on the superconductive lifetime in long Josephson junctions.
2013
The influence of various noise sources on the transient dynamics of long Josephson junctions (LJJ) is investigated in the presence of an oscillating bias current signal and a noise source with Gaussian or non-Gaussian (i.e. Cauchy-Lorentz or Lévy-Smirnov) probability distributions. These systems are computationally analyzed integrating the perturbed Sine-Gordon equation describing the phase evolution. We found evidence of noise induced effects on trends of the mean escape time (MET) from the superconductive metastable state, varying different system parameters, as the bias frequency, noise intensity and junction length. In particular, we find resonant activation (RA) and noise enhanced stab…
Transient dynamics in driven long Josephson junctions.
2013
The switching time from the superconductive metastable state of a long Josephson junction (LJJ)[1] is computationally analyzed in the framework of the perturbed sine-Gordon equation. The model includes an external bias current term and a stochastic noise source, i.e. a Lévy noise term. The effects of this noise on the mean escape time (MET) from the superconductive state are analyzed. The investigation is performed by considering a wide range of values of system parameters and different noise statistics: Gaussian, Cauchy-Lorentz and Lévy-Smirnov[2]. We found evidence of well known noise induced phenomena on the MET behavior, that is the noise enhanced stability (NES) and resonant activation…