Search results for "Kinetics"

showing 10 items of 2224 documents

The application of Jäntti's method for the fast calculation of equilibrium in case of multilayer adsorption

2002

On the basis of a molecular model for sorption kinetics Jäntti introduced a method to calculate equilibria shortly after a change of the pressure of the sorptive gas. In the present paper we apply that method for the description of multilayer adsorption.

Condensed Matter::Materials ScienceAdsorptionMolecular modelChemistrySorption kineticsPhysical chemistryThermodynamics
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Temperature influence on NaLaF 4 :Er 3+ green luminescence

2016

Abstract Er 3+ doped NaLaF 4 is a promising material for up-conversion luminescence applications due to low phonon energy and multisite nature of the crystalline lattice. In this work, luminescence processes in NaLaF 4 :Er 3+ materials have been studied at different temperatures. Spectra and decay kinetics of the green luminescence were measured under excitation to 4 F 7/2 state. Analysis of the green luminescence excitation spectra, the luminescence spectra and the luminescence decay kinetics at different temperatures reveals that the observed single green luminescence spectra at room temperature are related to overlapping of the green luminescence excitation bands from erbium ions located…

Condensed Matter::OtherInfraredChemistryKineticsDopingBiophysicsAnalytical chemistryPhysics::Optics02 engineering and technologyGeneral ChemistryCrystal structure010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciencesBiochemistryAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsSpectral line0104 chemical sciencesCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceLattice (order)Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters0210 nano-technologyLuminescenceExcitationJournal of Luminescence
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Spinodal Decomposition Kinetics of Colloid-Polymer Mixtures Including Hydrodynamic Interactions

2012

The phase separation dynamics of a model colloid-polymer mixture is studied by taking explicitly the hydrodynamic interactions caused by the solvent into account. Based on the studies on equilibrium phase behavior we perform a volume quench from the homogeneous region of the phase diagram deep into the region where colloid-rich and polymer-rich phases coexist. We demonstrate that the Multiparticle Collision Dynamics (MPCD) algorithm is well suited to study spinodal decomposition and present first results on the domain growth behavior of colloid-polymer mixtures in quasi two-dimensional confinement. On the one hand side we find that the boundary condition of the solvent with respect to the r…

Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterSolventchemistry.chemical_classificationColloidMaterials sciencechemistryChemical physicsSpinodal decompositionKineticsBoundary value problemWettingPolymerPhase diagram
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Wetting and phase separation at surfaces

2005

We study the problem ofsurfacedirected spinodal decomposition, viz., the dynamical interplay of wetting and phase separation at surfaces. In particular, we focus on the kinetics of wetting-layer growth in a semi-infinite geometry for arbitrary surface potentials and mixture compositions. We also present representative results for phase separation in confined geometries, e.g., cylindrical pores, thin films, etc.

Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterSurface (mathematics)Materials scienceChemical physicsSpinodal decompositionKineticsGeneral Physics and AstronomyPhysical chemistryWettingThin filmFocus (optics)Pramana
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The Study of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 Deficiency Sheds Light on the Mechanism for Switching On/Off the Urea Cycle

2015

12 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablas.

Conformational changeCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency DiseaseAllosteric regulationCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)Urea cycle diseases610 Medicine & healthBiologyMolecular Dynamics Simulationurologic and male genital diseases03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineGlutamates1311 GeneticsAmmoniaEnzyme StabilityGeneticsmedicine1312 Molecular BiologyHumansUreaHyperammonemiaSite-directed mutagenesisMolecular Biology030304 developmental biologychemistry.chemical_classification0303 health sciencesSite-directed mutagenesisurogenital systemMutagenesisCarbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1HyperammonemiaCarbamoyl phosphate synthetasemedicine.diseaseAllosteric regulation3. Good healthProtein Structure TertiaryRestrained molecular dynamicsKineticsEnzymeBiochemistrychemistry10036 Medical ClinicEnzymeUrea cycleMutationInborn errors030217 neurology & neurosurgerySignal Transduction
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Protofibril formation of amyloid beta-protein at low pH via a non-cooperative elongation mechanism.

2005

Deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in senile or diffuse plaques is a distinctive feature of Alzheimer's disease. The role of Abeta aggregates in the etiology of the disease is still controversial. The formation of linear aggregates, known as amyloid fibrils, has been proposed as the onset and the cause of pathological deposition. Yet, recent findings suggest that a more crucial role is played by prefibrillar oligomeric assemblies of Abeta that are highly toxic in the extracellular environment. In the present work, the mechanism of protofibril formation is studied at pH 3.1, starting from a solution of oligomeric precursors. By combining static light scattering and photon correla…

Conformational changeTime FactorsAmyloidLightNucleationBiophysicsBiochemistryBiophysical PhenomenaDiffusionDynamic light scatteringAlzheimer DiseaseExtracellularHumansScattering RadiationStatic light scatteringMolecular BiologyCoalescence (physics)PhotonsAmyloid beta-PeptidesModels StatisticalDose-Response Relationship DrugChemistryTemperatureCell BiologyHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationModels TheoreticalCrystallographyKineticsSpectrophotometryBiophysicsThermodynamicsElongationPeptidesProtein BindingThe Journal of biological chemistry
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Evaluating the protecting effects of two consolidants applied on Pietra di Lecce limestone: A neutronographic study

2020

Abstract In this work a combined laboratory-based and neutronographic investigation was carried out on a type of limestone, known as Pietra di Lecce stone, widely used in Italian Baroque as construction material. The limestone was treated with two different commercially-available coatings, namely nanosilica and nanolime, and artificially weathered by salt crystallization and temperature/relative humidity jumps. The aim was to provide an experimental evidence of the protective and consolidating effectiveness of the two treatments by looking at the water absorption process occurring inside the pore network of the analyzed stones. The analysis of the wetting front position revealed significant…

Consolidants Limestone Neutronography Sorptivity Water kineticsArcheologyAbsorption of waterMaterials scienceMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Mineralogy02 engineering and technologyConservation01 natural sciencesWater kineticsConsolidantsConsolidantSorptivityRelative humidityConsolidants; Limestone; Neutronography; Sorptivity; Water kineticsSpectroscopySalt crystallizationSettore GEO/09 -Georis. Miner.e Appl.Mineral.-Petrogr. per l'Ambi.ed i B.Cult.010401 analytical chemistryWetting front021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyLimestone0104 chemical sciencesChemistry (miscellaneous)0210 nano-technologyGeneral Economics Econometrics and FinanceNeutronography
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Comparative Analysis of the Vascular Actions of Diterpenes Isolated from Euphorbia canariensis

1998

Abstract We have analysed the effects of 2,3-diepiingol 7,12-diacetate-8-isobutyrate (compound 1), ingenol-3-angelate-17-benzoate (compound 2), ingenol-3-angelate-17-benzoate-20-acetate (compound 3) and 3,5,7,8,9,15-hexahydroxyjatropha-6(17),11-dien-14-one-5,8-bis(2-methylbutyrate)-7-(2-methylpropionate) (compound 4), four diterpenes isolated from E. canariensis, on the isometric tension developed by isolated rabbit basilar and carotid arteries. Concentration-response curves to these compounds were obtained cumulatively in both arteries at resting tension and active tone (KCl, 50 mM). At resting tension a concentration-dependent contraction was induced by the four compounds. In the basilar …

Contraction (grammar)Muscle RelaxationPharmaceutical ScienceVasodilationIn Vitro TechniquesPharmacologyMuscle Smooth VascularEuphorbia canariensismedicine.arteryBasilar arterymedicineAnimalsPotencyPharmacologyLagomorphabiologyPlant Extractsbusiness.industryEuphorbiaceaeAnatomybiology.organism_classificationKineticsCarotid ArteriesBasilar ArteryCirculatory systemRabbitsDiterpenesmedicine.symptombusinessVasoconstrictionMuscle ContractionJournal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
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Ethyl Hexanoate Transfer Modeling in Carrageenan Matrices for Determination of Diffusion and Partition Properties.

2007

 ; Aroma compound properties in food matrices, such as volatility and diffusivity, have to be determined to understand the effect of composition and structure on aroma release and perception. This work illustrates the use of mass transfer modeling to identify diffusion and partition properties of ethyl hexanoate in water and in carrageenan matrices with various degrees of structure. The comparison of results obtained with a diffusive model to those obtained with a convective model highlights the importance of considering the appropriate transfer mechanism. Modeling of the preliminary experimental steps ensures correct estimation of the conditions for the main aroma release step. The obtaine…

ConvectionChemical PhenomenaAnalytical chemistryThermodynamicsCarrageenanThermal diffusivity01 natural sciencesPhase TransitionVOLATILE COMPOUNDDiffusionchemistry.chemical_compound0404 agricultural biotechnologyMODELINGAROMA RELEASE[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineeringPartition (number theory)Aroma compoundPARTITION COEFFICIENTCaproatesAromabiologyChemistry Physical010401 analytical chemistry[ SDV.IDA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineeringEthyl hexanoate04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesGeneral ChemistryMASS TRANSFERbiology.organism_classificationDIFFUSION COEFFICIENT040401 food science0104 chemical sciencesCarrageenanKineticschemistryCONVECTIONOdorantsThermodynamicsVolatilizationGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesVolatility (chemistry)
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Two-Dimensional Modeling of a Flat-Plate Photocatalytic Reactor for Oxidation of Indoor Air Pollutants

2007

In this paper we present a two-dimensional (2-D) analysis of a narrow-slit, flat-plate, single-pass, flow-through photocatalytic reactor for air purification. The continuity equation for convection and diffusion in two dimensions, under un-steady-state conditions, was coupled with radiation field modeling and photocatalytic reaction kinetics to model the transient and steady-state behavior of the reactor. The model was applied to the photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in humidified air streams under different experimental conditions. The kinetic parameters determined by a three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics model of the reactor were used in the 2-D model si…

Convectionbusiness.industryChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringDiffusionKineticsGeneral ChemistryMechanicsComputational fluid dynamicsKinetic energyIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringContinuity equationEnvironmental chemistryPhotocatalysisPhysics::Chemical PhysicsbusinessPlug flow reactor modelIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
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