Search results for "LAB"
showing 10 items of 7932 documents
Unemployment, taxation and public expenditure in OECD economies
2008
Abstract This paper considers the financing of productive public goods and social benefits through different types of taxes in a model with unemployment. We incorporate unemployment, caused by the wage-setting behaviour of a monopolistic union, in a neoclassical growth model which integrates a quite detailed structure of taxes used to finance productive public expenditures and social transfers and parameterizes the inefficiency of government to transform taxes into public goods or transfers. The main conclusion is that the relationship between unemployment and labour taxes critically depends on the degree of government efficiency and the unions' perception on how taxes determine the welfare…
Life cycle and housing decisions: a comparison by age cohorts
2013
The use of decomposition methodologies when the involved variable is continuous is not common in the literature. This article uses this methodology, together with other decomposition methodologies, to explain how age can influence on housing decisions. In particular, we use Spanish data to study whether the age of the householder plays a significant role in influencing household decisions with respect to housing tenure and demand. From the comparison of housing decisions between different groups of households classified by the age of the householders, we conclude that age plays the primary role in explaining the gap between households regarding tenure choice, while it shares its importance …
Public–private sector wage differentials and the business cycle
2013
Abstract This paper uses microeconomic data for the period from 1990 to 2004 to examine the relationship between public–private sector wage differentials and labour market conditions in Finland. The results show that the public sector wage premium is strongly counter-cyclical. On average, a 10 percent increase in the local unemployment rate increases the public–private sector wage gap by one percent. Separate analyses by government sector and quantiles of the distribution of wages reveal that it is local government workers and those working at lower skill levels who benefit more from increasing unemployment rate. The paper also exploits the longitudinal structure of the data to examine whet…
Workers' Valuation of the Remaining Employment Contract Duration
2007
This paper introduces and applies a method for estimating workers' marginal willingness to pay for job attributes employing data on job search activity. Worker's willingness to pay for the remaining duration of the employment contract is derived. We provide evidence that workers attach substantial value to the remaining contract duration. A temporary worker with a remaining contract of 6 months is willing to pay about 10% of the wage to increase the contract by one month.
Banking crises, labor reforms, and unemployment
2013
Abstract Using a sample of 97 countries spanning the period 1980–2008, we estimate that banking crises have, on average, a large negative impact on unemployment. This effect, however, largely depends on the flexibility of labor market institutions: while in countries with more flexible labor markets the impact of banking crises is sharper but short-lived, in countries with more rigid labor markets the effect is initially more subdued but highly persistent. These effects are even larger for youth unemployment in the short term, and long-term unemployment in the medium term. Conversely, large upfront, or gradual but significant, comprehensive market reforms have a positive impact on unemploym…
The evolution of returns to education in Spain 1980-1991
1998
STT Working Paper, n°01-99 (Université d'Orléans), janvier 1999; Based on data from the 1980 and 1990 Household Surveys, we analyze educational expansion in Spain and estimate earnings equations for male family heads ; then rates of return to education in both years are compared. Furthermore we decompose the over-all average earnings differential over time to verify to what extent the magnitude of changes is due to variations in the characteristics of the working population during the 1980-1991 period, and how much of that differential is explained by differences in the pay structure.
Demand for Primary Schooling in Rural Mali : Should User Fees Be Increased ?
1996
International audience; This paper presents estimates of the price elasticity of demand for primary schooling, using household and school survey data from rural Mali. The elasticity of enrolment with respect to the local school fee is compared with the effects on enrolment of distance to the school and various indicators of school quality, including books per classroom and the number of grades offered. Fees have a negative effect; however, certain improvements in school quality could easily offset in terms of enrolment any negative effect of higher fees to finance such improvements. For example, the astonishingly low average of two books per classroom could be doubled for a 10 per cent incr…
Do foreign workers reduce trade barriers? Microeconomic evidence
2015
This paper provides evidence that foreign workers reduce firms' trade costs and thus increase the probability that firms export. This informs both the literature on trade costs and the microeconomic literature on firms' export behaviour. We identify the nationality of each worker in a large sample of German establishments, and relate this to the exporting behaviour of these establishments. We allow for the possible endogeneity of an establishment's workforce by instrumenting the share of foreign workers with the regional distribution of foreign workers in the wider labour market. We find a significant effect of worker nationality on exporting which is not driven by the industrial, occupatio…
Sheepskin Effects in the Spanish Labour Market: A Public–Private Sector Analysis
2005
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to contrast the nature of the effect of education, Human Capital or Screening, in the Spanish labour market. We use the Hungerford and Solon methodology to distinguish between the returns to schooling from mere years of schooling as a reflection of their productive–enhancing contribution (human capital) and the returns to schooling from academic certificates as signals of the individual’s ability (sheepskin effects). We separate our data into public and private sector workers. In the public sector the institutional restriction in the access and in the wage settings might force certificate rewards. Those not necessarily should be interpreted as sheepskin eff…
The determinants of post-compulsory education in Spain
2009
In this article we explain why Spain is at the bottom of the developed countries in secondary education. We have made use of extensive information contained in the ECHP supplemented with labour market data. We find that higher rates of unemployment diminish the probability of investing in post-compulsory education and this effect differs across the population. Our results suggest that a ‘poverty effect’ makes access more difficult to secondary education in Spain.