Search results for "LABOUR"

The Nordic difference: Job quality in Europe 1995–2010

2012

Previous empirical research has pointed out that Nordic countries are distinguished from the rest of Europe in terms of job quality. On the other hand, it has been debated whether, in the longer run, the Nordic welfare state is able to insulate workers from globalization effects. This article investigates whether Nordic countries have retained their advantageous position concerning job quality compared with other EU countries. Empirical analyses are based on the European Working Conditions Survey collected in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. We use data on employees in the 15 member states of the EU prior to enlargement in 2004 (n = 61,457). The results partly confirm previous findings of high j…

Unemployment in Jordan

2005

The focus of this report (prepared in the framework of the ETF Observatory function project) is unemployment. However, considering that unemployment information in itself should not be used or analysed in isolation from other indicators or data, the report begins by providing an overview of the general labour market situation in Jordan. After the main data on employment by sector, age, gender and level of education are presentented, on the basis of the available information, the specific cases of non-Jordanian employees and employment in the informal economy are highlighted as topics requiring special attention in the Jordanian labour market.

Knowledge Work, Working Time, and Use of Time Among Finnish Dual-Earner Families

2011

The industrial working-time regime is dissolving—not dramatically, but rather as a trend. A new trend is that those in dynamic sectors and in a good labor market position work long hours: Demanding knowledge work appears to require the marginalization of private life. This study investigates the family situation of knowledge workers, the concentration of knowledge workers into family, working time, and use of time in different family types. The analysis is based on the Finnish Use of Time data (1999-2000) using family(spouse)-level data. Compared with other categories of employment, the results suggest only minor quantitative differences between knowledge worker families in working time an…

Informal workers across Europe: Evidence from 30 European countries

2011

Wage Structure and Labor Mobility in Norway 1980-1997

2007

To what extent do different firms follow different wage policies? How do such policies affect worker mobility between firms, and what are the effects of different wage bargaining regimes? The empirical branch of personnel economics has long been hampered by a lack of representative data sets. Norway is one of a handful of countries that has produced rich linked employer-employee data suitable for such analysis. This paper has three parts. First, we describe the wage setting and employment protection institutions in Norway. Next, we describe the Norwegian data sets. Finally, we document a large number of stylized facts regarding wage structure and labor mobility within and between Norwegian …

Labourista New Labouriksi - hyvinvointivaltiosta kilpailuvaltioksi : talouspoliittisen kielen muutos Labour-puolueen vaaliohjelmissa 1979-1997

2009

Tutkimuksen tehtävänä oli selvittää, kuinka Labour-puolueen käyttämä taloudellinen retoriikka ja käsitteet olivat muuttuneet parlamenttivaaliohjelmissa ajanjaksona 1979–1997. Ajanjakso on kattava kuvaus Labourin poliittisesta ja rakenteellisesta muutoksesta. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeisessä Britanniassa vallitsi jatkuva talouskasvun aikakausi, jota kutsutaan tutkimuksessa ”hyvinvointikonsensukseksi”. Vuoden 1973 öljykriisistä käynnistyi ajanjakso, jota kuvasi korkea työttömyys ja inflaatio. Britannian uusoikeisto haastoi ”hyvinvointikonsensuksen” 1970-luvun lopulla. Tutkimuksen näkökulma on muotoiltu Philip Cernyn esittämän teesin pohjalta: talouspoliittista ja yhteiskunnallista muutosta ka…

プラットフォーム・エコノミーにおける 弱者保護

2020

はじめに 一 プラットフォーム・エコノミーにおけるバーゲニングパワー (1) 能力向上プロセスの評価:インターネットの台頭から P2P 取引へ (2) プラットフォーム・エコノミーにおいて弱者は存在するか? 二 ピア・ツー・ピア・エコノミーのための法的枠組 (1) 標準約款契約についての調査 (2) プラットフォームとその利用者 (3) ピア・ツー・ピア取引 結語-プラットフォーム・エコノミーの弱者を如何に保護するか (Japanese) Known by many names – platform, sharing, peer-to-peer (p2p), collaborative economy, and so on - entirely new business models have emerged in recent years, whereby online platforms use digital technologies to connect distinct groups of users in order to facilitate transactions for the exchange of assets and services. This dramatic shift in business organisation and market structure has opened an intense debate on the persisting need for those regulatory measures that typica…

Globalization and Female Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries: An Empirical (Re-)Assessment

2017

We investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade, as two measures of globalization, on female labor force participation rate in a sample of 80 developing countries over the time period 1980–2005. Contrary to the mainstream view in the literature, which is mainly based on country-case studies or simple cross-country variation, we find that both, FDI and trade have a generally negative impact on female labor force participation. While the impact is of negligible economic size, it is stronger for younger cohorts, possibly reflecting a higher return to education in open economies. We further find a large degree of cross-regional heterogeneity and that the effect of globali…

The Access of the Young Graduates in Sciences into R&D Profession: A Switching Model Treatment for the French Case

2011

We address the question concerning the choice of graduates in sciences and engineering to look for employment in research and development. We use an endogenous switching regression to avoid the existence of self-selection biases. The study shows that human capital is decisive where both employment opportunities and remuneration are concerned within, but not without, this sector. The results also suggest that in the early stages of a career, the R&D sector is less rewarding than other types of employment only for doctors and not for graduates from engineering schools.

Labour Market Regulations and Capital Intensity

2018

What is the impact of labour market regulations as measured by the OECD indicator of employment protection legislation (EPL) on capital and skill composition? Precisely, this study investigates the effects of changes in EPL on changes in four types of capital and three components of labour skill. They include construction, non-ICT, ICT, and R&D capital components on the one hand, and low-, medium-, and highly-skilled labour on the other. Our analysis is grounded on a large country–industry panel dataset of fourteen OECD countries, and eighteen manufacturing and market service industries, from 1988 to 2007. It shows that strengthening EPL lowers ICT capital and, even more severely, R&amp…