Search results for "LAV"
showing 10 items of 3985 documents
Multilocus sequence typing confirms the close genetic inter-relatedness between three distinct flavescence doree phytoplasma strain clusters and grou…
2007
ABSTRACT Vineyards of southern France and northern Italy are affected by the flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma, a quarantine pathogen transmitted by the leafhopper of Nearctic origin Scaphoideus titanus . To better trace propagation of FD strains and identify possible passage between the vineyard and wild plant compartments, molecular typing of phytoplasma strains was applied. The sequences of the two genetic loci map and uvrB - degV , along with the sequence of the secY gene, were determined among a collection of FD and FD-related phytoplasmas infecting grapevine, alder, elm, blackberry, and Spanish broom in Europe. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses consistently indicated the…
Aflatoxins and A. flavus Reduction in Loaf Bread through the Use of Natural Ingredients
2018
In this study, the antifungal activity of yellow mustard (YMF) and oriental mustard (OMF) meal extracts against 14 strains of fungi was tested on a solid medium. The results obtained with the YMF were next confirmed in liquid medium determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicide concentration (MFC). Finally, the use of YMF as a natural preservative to extend the useful life of bread was evaluated. Breads with different concentrations of YMF (2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg) were prepared and contaminated with Aspergillus flavus ISPA 8111 and Penicillium nordicum CECT 2320. For 10 days the formation of mycelium was observed, and after that the fungal growth and the mycot…
Depuration of geosmin- and 2-methylisoborneol-induced off-flavors in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) farmed European whitefish Coregonus lavar…
2019
European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus has increasingly become an important species for aquatic food production, especially in the Nordic countries. Whitefish is produced in traditional cage and pond operations, and in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in which, unfortunately, off-flavors and odors, mostly caused by geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), can accumulate in fish flesh from the circulating water. GSM and MIB have very low human sensory detection limits and, therefore, often disliked by consumers even at low concentrations. In this study, concentrations of GSM and MIB in RAS farmed European whitefish were studied by an analytical method based on headspace solid phase …
Seasonal and ontogenetic variability in stomach size of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)
2019
Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) were sampled in April, from May to June and at the end of August to test whether the current season (i.e. feeding conditions) affects the fishes’ stomach size (i.e. volume and weight). A wide range of size data were analysed to reveal the relationship between fish size (length and weight) and stomach size. No significant differences in length-specific stomach volume or stomach weight were found in fish sampled at different times of the year. However, there were differences between seasons in the size of the stomach in relation to body weight, as length-specific body weight changes during the year because of the development of gametes and changes in nutriti…
Microbiological, chemical and sensory aspects of bread supplemented with different percentages of the culinary mushroom Pleurotus eryngii in powder f…
2018
Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. powder was used in bread production. Three dough trials (0, 5 and 10% of mushroom) were obtained with commercial baker's yeast. P. eryngii powder was first tested against several yeast species; 10% P. eryngii trial was characterised by the highest pH and total titratable acidity. P. eryngii did not influence negatively the fermentation process, since all trials reached yeast levels of 10 8 CFU g −1 . Mushroom powder decreased bread height and softness, increased crust redness and crumb void fraction and cell density and, although the breads were scored diverse, the overall assessment was comparable. The final breads provided higher concentrations of thiamin, ri…
Tree-Ripe Mango Fruit: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Properties and Sensory Profile of Six Mediterranean-Grown Cultivars
2020
Some of the key components that contribute to the acceptance of high-quality fresh mangoes by consumers are its flavour, odour, texture and chemical constituents that depend mainly on level of maturity. In the European market, the demand for tree-ripened fruit has increased in recent decades. Nevertheless, the qualitative response and the marketable characteristics of tree-ripened mango fruit grown in the Mediterranean area are not yet studied. Tree-ripened fruits of cv Keitt, Glenn, Osteen, Maya, Kensington Pride and Tommy Atkins were submitted to analytical (fruit weight, transversal diameter, longitudinal diameter, flesh firmness, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity, seed wei…
Comparative analyses of caste, sex, and developmental stage‐specific transcriptomes in two Temnothorax ants
2020
Abstract Social insects dominate arthropod communities worldwide due to cooperation and division of labor in their societies. This, however, makes them vulnerable to exploitation by social parasites, such as slave‐making ants. Slave‐making ant workers pillage brood from neighboring nests of related host ant species. After emergence, host workers take over all nonreproductive colony tasks, whereas slavemakers have lost the ability to care for themselves and their offspring. Here, we compared transcriptomes of different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adults), castes (queens and workers), and sexes of two related ant species, the slavemaker Temnothorax americanus and its host Temnoth…
Protocol for the Definition of a Multi-Spectral Sensor for Specific Foliar Disease Detection: Case of “Flavescence Dorée”
2018
Flavescence Doree (FD) is a contagious and incurable grapevine disease that can be perceived on leaves. In order to contain its spread, the regulations obligate winegrowers to control each plant and to remove the suspected ones. Nevertheless, this monitoring is performed during the harvest and mobilizes many people during a strategic period for viticulture. To solve this problem, we aim to develop a Multi-Spectral (MS) imaging device ensuring an automated grapevine disease detection solution. If embedded on a UAV, the tool can provide disease outbreaks locations in a geographical information system allowing localized and direct treatment of infected vines. The high-resolution MS camera aims…
Antifungal activity of peracetic acid against toxigenic fungal contaminants of maize and barley at the postharvest stage
2021
Abstract Contamination of maize and barley grain during storage by the toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Penicillium Verrucosum (P. verrucosum) is both an economic and a public health problem, especially in less industrialized countries. Peracetic acid (PA) is a compound used for the disinfection of food and food contact surfaces. Unlike other disinfectants, it leaves no toxic residues and its decomposition products (CH3COOH, O2 and H2O) are environmentally friendly. In order to apply PA to preserve maize and barley grain during storage, first, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against both fungi were determined in a 96-we…
Biopreservation of tomatoes using fermented media by lactic acid bacteria
2020
Abstract Post-harvest spoilage fungi in tomatoes represent an economic loss for industry and consumers. There is currently an increasing demand for novel applications of bio-preservatives as replacers of chemical additives and pesticides in food. In this study, nine lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from tomato and sourdough were screened for antifungal activity in vitro against 33 fungal strains and used as bio-preservatives of tomato inoculated with Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus flavus. The identification of the compounds potentially responsible for the antifungal activity, such as organic acids, phenolic acids and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were identified and quantifi…