Search results for "LEGISLATION"

The School Boards Between Power and Influence

2014

The decentralized Scandinavian school structure with the municipal school committee as a central factor between the municipal council and other school interests gives the school board a central role in the implementation of the centrally decided school legislation from the parliament. Therefore, the central questions in modern Scandinavian schooling are: what are the ways of influence and what power mechanisms are in play throughout the schooling system.

The Design and Execution of Performance Management Systems at State Level: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Malaysia

2016

ABSTRACTThis comparative study analyses the experience of Italy and Malaysia in the design and execution of performance management systems at the state level. The article investigates how performance management systems have changed over the past decades, the motivations behind their metamorphoses, their common elements across the two countries, and what accounts for the respective progress. It also investigates the role that the institutional framework plays in making performance management systems robust. The study presents policy recommendations on how governments can create more robust performance management systems for enhanced accountability and transparency in an age of resource const…

Scaling-up processes: Patents and commercial applications

2020

There is currently a great demand for fish and seafood products. However, their high consumption produces large quantities of by-products that can be an ecological problem. That is why it is necessary to look for alternatives to revalue these products and give them a second life, thus reducing their environmental impact. In this sense, several investigations have been carried out in laboratories around the world to extract compounds from marine processing industry for the final high added-value products. Some of these compounds are collagen, omega 3 fatty acids, protein concentrates or chitin/chitosan, among others. Nevertheless, one of the critical steps for obtaining these compounds at th…

Accreditation of Learning and Vocational Qualifications

2019

This chapter deals with professional qualification accreditation processes. We focus on the recognition of work experience and non-formal training paths recently developed in Spain. The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive view of the accreditation procedures and to what extent their promotion has changed the panorama and the set of rules that regulate the VET system. The author looks at the ways formal elements of the procedure are structured, their explicit functions, the rules and relations upheld by legislation, as well as the recognition of learning through the analysis of governance management. The findings are framed within European, Spanish and local legislation with regard to th…

Co-Production in the Context of Finnish Social Services and Health Care: A Challenge and a Possibility for a New Kind of Democracy

2016

Alongside the ongoing renewal process of the Finnish welfare state, the role of the citizens is also revisited. So far the attention has mainly focused on how the responsibility for service provision is shared between the public sector and the service users, while the role of public services as a part of the democratic system has been more or less ignored. Based on the results from a 3-year participatory action research project called KAMPA, this article will discuss if the development of co-production in the context of public welfare services shows the way forward toward a new kind of society where democracy is an inseparable part of the structures and procedures of the service provision. …

Strange bedfellows: the Bundestag’s free vote on pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) reveals how Germany’s restrictive bioethics legislation is …

2015

Germany’s bioethical legislation presents a puzzle: given structural factors, the country should be at the forefront of reproductive medicine, but its embryology regime remains one of the strictest in Western Europe. Past research has linked this fact to an unusual coalition of Christian and New Left groups, which both draw a connection from modern embryology to eugenics under the Nazis. In this article, the workings of this alleged alliance are demonstrated at the micro-level for the first time. The behaviour of individual MPs in a crucial free vote on pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is modelled using data on their political, sectoral and religious affiliations. Identifying as a …

2021

In recent decades, an essential global aim of the reforms of special education has been the promotion of inclusive education. This article discusses the implementation of reforms with a focus on tiered support systems in the context of Finnish comprehensive school education. Based on earlier literature, legislation, and administrative documents, we provide a background for Finnish education policy and special education reforms. The focus of this article is on the description of parallel reforms targeting the re-structuring of the systems around support for students and funding of education in the 2010s. We discuss the processes leading to these reforms and the reforms themselves. In additio…

In an ideal world who should carry the can for wrongdoing business?

2018

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the main international rules against economic crime and to verify if Italian legislation provides for appropriate measures according to own needs at a national level. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a comparative approach by examining the existing legislations on a global, European and Italian level for finding analogies and differences between them. Findings The research has discovered a wide variation in the legislative interventions against economic crimes and in the kind of imposed sanctions. Nevertheless, there seems to be a trend toward penalties, with a high degree of uniformity between the different levels of protection. Research lim…

Noteikumi un rīkojumi par komunālo pašvaldību

1943

The state of the nursing science in Spain

2002

This article is giving a historical perspective of the nursing science in Spain, comparing it with the situation of the science, and nursing science at international level. The author gave a very clear description of the state of the art, and the nursing outcome shared by Spanish authors with the rest of nursing scientific community, arriving to the conclusion that Spanish nursing is at the beginning of a process where, negative factors can be clearly identified and, potential measures to improve relatively easily nursing science can be taken in the short term.