Search results for "LEISHMANIASIS"

Triazolopyridyl ketones as a novel class of antileishmanial agents. DNA binding and BSA interaction

2014

A new series of triazolopyridyl pyridyl ketones has been synthetized by regioselective lithiation of the corresponding [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine at 7 position followed by reaction with different electrophiles. The in vitro antileishmanial activity of these compounds was evaluated against Leishmaniainfantum, Leishmaniabraziliensis, Leishmaniaguyanensis and Leishmaniaamazonensis. Compounds 6 and 7 were found to be the most active leishmanicidal agents. Both of them showed activities at micromolar concentration against cultured promastigotes of Leishmania spp. (IC₅₀=99.8-26.8 μM), without cytotoxicity on J774 macrophage cells. These two compounds were also tested in vivo in a murine model…

Requirements for Th1-dependent immunity against infection with Leishmania major

2004

Protective immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis is dependent on the induction of Th1/Tc1 immune responses resulting in efficient parasite elimination. In this review, the mechanisms leading to protection are discussed with special focus on the role of Leishmania major-infected dendritic cells (DC) in induction of Th1-dependent immunity. Murine strain-dependent differences between DC derived from Leishmania-susceptible as compared to resistant mice are highlighted.

Research in practice: Different dendritic cell types in skin with various functions - important implications for intradermal vaccines

2011

Summary It was long believed that epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are responsible for the initiation of cellular immunity. Only recently it has been shown that in skin alone 5 different subtypes of dendritic cells (DC) can be identified. Among these, LC, but also two Langerin-expressing dermal DC populations and two more Langerin-negative DC subtypes exist. Novel findings in the model disease leishmaniasis, as well as evidence from research in contact hypersensitivity, have revealed that activation of LC in skin leads to induction of regulatory, immunosuppressive T cells, whereas the other skin DC subtypes stimulate effector T cells. Thus, when producing vaccines designed for intradermal us…

Venezuela's humanitarian crisis, resurgence of vector-borne diseases, and implications for spillover in the region

2019

In the past 5–10 years, Venezuela has faced a severe economic crisis, precipitated by political instability and declining oil revenue. Public health provision has been affected particularly. In this Review, we assess the impact of Venezuela's health-care crisis on vector-borne diseases, and the spillover into neighbouring countries. Between 2000 and 2015, Venezuela witnessed a 359% increase in malaria cases, followed by a 71% increase in 2017 (411 586 cases) compared with 2016 (240 613). Neighbouring countries, such as Brazil, have reported an escalating trend of imported malaria cases from Venezuela, from 1538 in 2014 to 3129 in 2017. In Venezuela, active Chagas disease transmission has be…

Promising trypanocidal heterocyclic compounds of natural origin and their synthetic analogs

2019

Abstract Diseases caused by members of the order Trypanosomatidae include human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Chagas disease, caused by species of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively, as well as leishmaniasis, caused by various species of Leishmania spp. These infections belong to the so-called neglected tropical diseases group, which are a diverse group of communicable diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries and affect more than one billion people in addition to costing developing economies billions of dollars every year. The available pharmacotherapies for combatting these diseases are limited and associated with strong side eff…

Advances in leishmaniasis immunopathogenesis

2011

Suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis in a sample of Western Sicily residents: what correlation with occupation?

2017

Background: Leishmaniasis is a widespread infectious disease, but there is not much information about its prevalence in high risk occupational categories. Objectives: Te aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of Leishmania immunological positivity in human skin tissues collected from subjects living in Western Sicily, with suspected cutaneous Leishmania infection, in order to explore the risk possibly related to occupation. Methods: 318 consecutive subjects (M/F ratio=1.0, mean age=40±25.4 years), attending the Dermatology Department of the University of Palermo Hospital from 2013 to 2015, without any previous history of Leishmania infection and performing various occupations, were i…

Decreased presence of Langerhans cells is a critical determinant for Indian Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.

2015

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is the dermal sequel of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and occurs after apparent cure or alongside with VL. It is confined to South Asia (India, Nepal and Bangladesh) and East Africa (mainly Sudan), the incidence being 5-10% and 50-60% respectively. In South Asia, as the transmission of VL is anthroponotic, PKDL patients are the proposed disease reservoir, thus assuming epidemiological significance, its eradication being linked to the control of leishmaniasis. In the absence of an animal model and its low incidence, factors contributing towards the immunopathogenesis of PKDL remain an open-ended, yet pertinent question. This study delineated the lesio…

A Hyaluronic acid-pentamidine bioconjugate as macrophage mediated drug targeting delivery system for the treatment of Leishmaniasis

2015

Leishmaniasis is still a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical areas where this infectious disease is endemic. The most severe form of the disease (i.e. visceral) can claim victims if left untreated and the few accessible drugs have several drawbacks including major side effects and parenteral administration. In this context, the investigation of new delivery modalities which might reduce the toxicity and increase the bioavailability of the drugs currently on the market represents a valid strategy to counter these problems. Herein we present the development of a macrophage mediated drug targeting delivery system by conjugating the anti-leishmanial drug pentamidine …

Integration of animal health and public health surveillance sources to exhaustively inform the risk of zoonosis: An application to visceral leishmani…

2019

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease that is endemic in more than 80 countries, and leads to high fatality rates when left untreated. We investigate the relationship of VL cases in dogs and human cases, specifically for evidence of VL in dogs leading to excess cases in humans. We use surveillance data for dogs and humans for the years 2007–2011 to conduct both spatial and spatio-temporal analyses. Several models are evaluated incorporating varying levels of dependency between dog and human data. Models including dog data show marginal improvement over models without; however, for a subset of spatial units with ample data, models provide concordant risk classification …