Search results for "LIPOPROTEIN"

Human Oxidation-Specific Antibodies Reduce Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis Progression

2011

ObjectivesWe sought to assess the in vivo importance of scavenger receptor (SR)–mediated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) in atherogenesis and to test the efficacy of human antibody IK17-Fab or IK17 single-chain Fv fragment (IK17-scFv), which lacks immunologic properties of intact antibodies other than the ability to inhibit uptake of OxLDL by macrophages, to inhibit atherosclerosis.BackgroundThe unregulated uptake of OxLDL by macrophage SR contributes to foam cell formation, but the importance of this pathway in vivo is uncertain.MethodsCholesterol-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR−/−) mice were treated with intraperitoneal infusion of human IK17-Fab (2.…

Deficient p27 Phosphorylation at Serine 10 Increases Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Aggravates Atherosclerosis Through a Proliferation-Independen…

2011

OBJECTIVE: Genetic ablation of the growth suppressor p27(Kip1) (p27) in the mouse aggravates atherosclerosis coinciding with enhanced arterial cell proliferation. However, it is unknown whether molecular mechanisms that limit p27's protective function contribute to atherosclerosis development and whether p27 exerts proliferation-independent activities in the arterial wall. This study aims to provide insight into both questions by investigating the role in atherosclerosis of p27 phosphorylation at serine 10 (p27-phospho-Ser10), a major posttranslational modification of this protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunoblotting studies revealed a marked reduction in p27-phospho-Ser10 in atheroscleroti…

Routine preparation of air-dried negatively stained and unstained specimens on holey carbon support films: a review of applications.

2002

Several representative examples are given of the successful application of negative staining across the holes of holey carbon support films using 5% (w/v) ammonium molybdate solution containing trehalose. The inclusion of 0.1% (w/v) trehalose is considered to be most satisfactory, although good data have also been obtained in the presence of 0.01 and 1.0% (w/v) trehalose. The examples given fall into the following groups: protein molecules in the absence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), protein molecules in the presence of PEG (Mr 1000), lipoproteins, lipids and membranes, filaments and tubules, viruses in the absence of PEG, viruses in the presence of PEG, aqueous polymer solutions, and final…

Urinary Tartaric Acid, a Biomarker of Wine Intake, Correlates with Lower Total and LDL Cholesterol.

2021

Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to changes in lipid profile and body fat, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary tartaric acid, a biomarker of wine consumption, with anthropometric (weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio), blood pressure, and biochemical variables (blood glucose and lipid profile) that may be affected during the menopausal transition. This sub-study of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial included a sample of 230 women aged 60–80 years with high cardiovascular risk at baseline. Urine samples were diluted and filtered, and tartari…

Role of membrane dynamics processes and exogenous molecules in cellular resveratrol uptake: consequences in bioavailability and activities.

2011

In the fields of nutrition prevention and therapy treatment, numerous studies have reported interesting properties of trans-resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol against pathologies such as vascular diseases, cancers, viral infections and neurodegenerative processes. These beneficial effects are supported by more studies showing the pleiotropic actions of RSV. Nevertheless, a crucial question concerning these effects is how the polyphenol, when applied to an organism, gains access to its targets. In this review, we focus on the biochemical and biological parameters involved in RSV transport, particularly the role of the phospholipid bilayer in RSV uptake (passive diffusion, carrier-mediat…

Loss of γ-secretase function impairs endocytosis of lipoprotein particles and membrane cholesterol homeostasis

2008

Immunogenicity of routinely used childhood vaccines when coadministered with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D…

2009

Background The choice of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D as main carrier protein in the candidate 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals), was driven in part to avoid carrier-mediated suppression and possible bystander interference with coadministered vaccines. Immunogenicity data from 3 primary and 2 booster vaccination studies were assessed for possible impacts of PHiD-CV coadministration on immune responses to routinely administered childhood vaccines, in comparison to 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) coadministration. Methods Randomized, controlled studies in which PHiD-CV or 7vCRM vaccines were coadministered with DTP…

Visceral leishmaniasis, hypertriglyceridemia and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

2016

cytokines, an upregulation of adhesion molecules and MHC I and II molecules on mono/macrophages, and an expansion of inflammatory monocytes. This exaggerated inflammatory response is responsible for necrosis and organ failure and results in uncontrolled proliferation and phagocytic activity of histiocytes [2]. Hypertriglyceridemia (fasting, greater than or equal to 265 mg/100 ml) is one of the current diagnostic criteria for HLH [2]. Several studies link hypertriglyceridemia to inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-α is a powerful autocrine and paracrine regulator of adipose tissue [3]. Indeed, many different sources of intense and prolonged T-ly…

Genes, Ageing and Longevity in Humans: Problems, Advantages and Perspectives.

2006

Many epidemiological data indicate the presence of a strong familial component of longevity that is largely determined by genetics, and a number of possible associations between longevity and allelic variants of genes have been described. A breakthrough strategy to get insight into the genetics of longevity is the study of centenarians, the best example of successful ageing. We review the main results regarding nuclear genes as well as the mitochondrial genome, focusing on the investigations performed on Italian centenarians, compared to those from other countries. These studies produced interesting results on many putative "longevity genes". Nevertheless, many discrepancies are reported, l…

Structure of an outer surface lipoprotein BBA64 from the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi which is critical to ensure infection after a tick b…

2013

Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi from infected Ixodes ticks to a mammalian host during the blood meal. Previous studies have shown that the expression of B. burgdorferi surface-localized lipoproteins, which include BBA64, is up-regulated during the process of tick feeding. Although the exact function of BBA64 is not known, this lipoprotein is critical for the transmission of the spirochete from the tick salivary glands to the mammalian organism after a tick bite. Since the mechanism of development of the disease and the functions of the surface lipoproteins associated with borrel­iosis are still poorly understood, the crystal structur…