Search results for "LR"

showing 10 items of 764 documents

Excessive CpG 1668 stimulation triggers IL-10 production by cDC that inhibits IFN-alpha responses by pDC.

2008

Upon stimulation with a wide range of concentrations of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2216 (CpG 2216), plasmacytoid DC are induced to produce type I IFN (IFN-alpha/beta). In contrast, CpG 1668 shows a bell-shaped dose-response correlation, i.e. only intermediate but not high doses of CpG 1668 induce IFN-alpha/beta. Interestingly, high-dose CpG 1668 completely inhibited IFN-alpha responses induced by CpG 2216. Experiments using supernatant of high-dose CpG-1668-treated cells indicated that secreted inhibitor(s) mediated the IFN-alpha shut-off. Among modulating cytokines, IL-10 turned out to be one important negative regulator. In line with this, supernatants of IL-10-deficient DC cultures stimula…

MuromegalovirusCpG OligodeoxynucleotideImmunologyStimulationmedicine.disease_causeNegative regulatorAutoimmunityMiceAdjuvants ImmunologicmedicineImmunology and AllergyAnimalsCells CulturedbiologyTLR9Interferon-alphaDendritic Cellsbiology.organism_classificationMolecular biologyInterleukin-10Interleukin 10CpG siteOligodeoxyribonucleotidesVesicular stomatitis virusToll-Like Receptor 9ImmunologyCytokinesEuropean journal of immunology
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Inflammation events occurring upon bacterial infection in Mytilus galloprovincialis

2022

Bivalves, and in particular the Mediterranean Mytilus galloprovincialis are important sources of food in several countries in the world. Because of that, mussels farming has a strong economic impact. Due to their status as sessile and filter-feeding animals, bivalves accumulate in their tissues environmental pollutants and a larger amount of microorganisms and between these, a multitude of infective bacteria for higher vertebrates and humans, such as Vibrio species. Several immunological responses of M. galloprovincialis were investigated and described after Vibrio infection both, in vitro and in vivo conditions, such as hemocytes count and different cellular subpopulations. Particularly, i…

Mytilus TLR4 MYD88 AIF1 RNASET2 Vibrio infection
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AIF-1 and RNASET2 are involved in the inflammatory response in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis following Vibrio infection

2022

Filter-feeding bivalves, such as the Mytilus species, are exposed to different types of bacteria in the surrounding waters, in particular of the Vibrio genus. Mussels lack an adaptive immune system and hemocytes can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate intracellular signaling pathways to trigger the antimicrobial effectors synthesis. Among the areas of bivalve immunity that deserve study include the role of hemocyte subpopulations. Since little information are available on immune responses at the tissue level to human pathogenic vibrios commonly detected in coastal waters involved in seafood-borne diseases, in this wor…

MytilusHemocytesTumor Suppressor ProteinsAIF-1 Bacterial challenge Cellular immunity Immunohistochemistrym M. galloprovincialis Myd88 RNASET2 TLR4RNASET2General MedicineAquatic ScienceAIF-1; Bacterial challenge; Cellular immunity; Immunohistochemistry; M. galloprovincialis; Myd88; RNASET2; TLR4Myd88ImmunohistochemistryCellular immunityToll-Like Receptor 4Bacterial challengeRibonucleasesSeafoodVibrio InfectionsMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88Environmental ChemistryAnimalsHumansTLR4M. galloprovincialisAIF-1Vibrio
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Cancer cell–autonomous contribution of type I interferon signaling to the efficacy of chemotherapy

2014

International audience; The immune system is routinely confronted with cell death resulting from the physiological turnover of renewable tissues, as well as from pathological insults of several types. We hypothesize the existence of a mechanism that allows the immune system to discriminate between physiological and pathological instances of cell death, but the factors that determine whether cellular demise is perceived as a neutral, tolerogenic or immunogenic event remain unclear 1. Infectious insults are accompanied by so-called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), i.e., viral or bacterial products that activate immune cells through a panel of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs)…

Myxovirus Resistance ProteinsMessengerReceptor Interferon alpha-betaInbred C57BLchemotherapyInterferon alpha-betaMiceInterferonReceptorsAnthracyclinesNeoplasm MetastasisRIG-IPattern recognition receptorAdaptor ProteinsGeneral MedicineNeoadjuvant Therapy3. Good healthGene Expression Regulation NeoplasticTreatment OutcomeReceptors Pattern RecognitionInterferon Type I[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/ImmunologyFemaleImmunocompetencemedicine.drugReceptorSignal TransductionBreast Neoplasms[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/CancerBiologyPattern RecognitionSettore BIO/09General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyParacrine signallingImmune systemmedicineCXCL10AnimalsHumanscancerRNA MessengerAutocrine signallingNeoplastic[SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/ImmunotherapyToll-Like Receptor 3Mice Inbred C57BLVesicular TransportChemokine CXCL10Adaptor Proteins Vesicular TransportGene Expression RegulationDoxorubicinImmunologyTLR3RNAAdaptor Proteins Vesicular Transport; Animals; Anthracyclines; Breast Neoplasms; Chemokine CXCL10; Doxorubicin; Female; Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic; Humans; Immunocompetence; Interferon Type I; Mice Inbred C57BL; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; RNA; RNA Messenger; Receptor Interferon alpha-beta; Receptors Pattern Recognition; Toll-Like Receptor 3; Treatment Outcome; Signal Transduction
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Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammasome in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis.

2022

Ischemic stroke (also called cerebral ischemia) is one of the leading causes of death and severe disability worldwide. NLR inflammasomes play a crucial role in sensing cell damage in response to a harmful stimuli and modulating the inflammatory response, promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β following ischemic injury. Therefore, a neuroprotective effect is achieved by inhibiting the expression, assembly, and secretion of inflammasomes, thus limiting the extent of brain detriment and neurological sequelae. This review aims to illustrate the molecular characteristics, expression levels, and assembly of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like…

NLRC4Settore MED/09 - Medicina InternaNLRP2 inflammasomeDrug Discoveryischemic strokeNLRP1 inflammasomePharmaceutical ScienceMolecular Medicinetherapeutic strategiesNLRP3 inflammasomeneuroinflammationPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
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Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis

2015

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that eventually may lead to a severe systemic inflammatory response. A key event in pancreatic damage is the intracellular activation of NF-κB and zymogens, involving also calcium, cathepsins, pH disorders, autophagy, and cell death, particularly necrosis. This review focuses on the new role of redox signaling in acute pancreatitis. Oxidative stress and redox status are involved in the onset of acute pancreatitis and also in the development of the systemic inflammatory response, being glutathione depletion, xanthine oxidase activation, and thiol oxidation in proteins critical features of the disease in the pancreas. On th…

NecrosisGSH reduced glutathioneSTAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinasesClinical BiochemistryCCK cholecystokininTRAFs TNF receptor associated factorsReview ArticleIκB kinasePharmacologymedicine.disease_causeBiochemistrySHP small heterodimer partnerSTIM1 stromal interaction molecule 1chemistry.chemical_compoundHATs histone acetyltransferasesMedicineASK1GCL glutamate cysteine ligaseTNF-α tumor necrosis factor alphaIKK IκB kinaseNOS nitric oxide synthaseAcute inflammationHIF hypoxia inducible factorlcsh:QH301-705.5NF-κB nuclear factor kappa BDAMPs damage-associated molecular pattern moleculeslcsh:R5-920biologyGSSG oxidized glutathioneNF-kappa BNLRs nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptorsTRADD tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain proteinTRPC3 transient receptor potential channel 3VEGF vascular endothelial growth factorGlutathioneTNFR tumor necrosis factor receptorHMGB1 high-mobility group Box 1 proteinIP3R inositol 145-trisphosphate receptor type 3VCAM-1 Vascular Cell adhesion protein 1Acute DiseaseJNK c-Jun N-terminal kinaseAcute pancreatitisTLRs toll-like receptorsmedicine.symptomlcsh:Medicine (General)Oxidation-ReductionAP-1 activator protein-1Signal TransductionmRNA messenger ribonucleic acidHMGB1ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxy-terminal CARDRNS reactive nitrogen speciesPTPs protein tyrosine phosphatasesROS reactive oxygen speciesNADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidepHe extracellular pHFAEE fatty acid ethyl estersAP acute pancreatitisHumansXanthine oxidaseCBP CREB-binding proteinRyR endoplasmic reticulum membrane ryanodine receptorsMDA malondialdehydeNO nitric oxideXO xanthine oxidaseASK1 apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1business.industryOrganic ChemistryAutophagyNADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateHDACs histone deacetylasesmedicine.diseaseCARS compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndromeXDH xanthine dehydrogenaseIL interleukinIκB inhibitor of kappa BAcute pancreatitisETC Electron transport chainPancreatitisMKPs MAPK phosphatasesSAP severe acute pancreatitischemistrylcsh:Biology (General)DTT dithiothreitolOxidative stressNAC N-acetyl cysteineImmunologybiology.proteinCalciumLysosomesReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseOxidative stressERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyRedox Biology
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THE INTERPRETAZION OF DIAGNOSTIC TEST: A PRIMER OF ALLERGIST. PRICIPLES OF EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE TO OBTAIN A PRECISE DIAGNOSIS

2008

Negative predictive value (NPV)Lkelihood ratio negative (LR-)SensitivitySettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaLkelihood ratio positive (LR+)SpecificityEosinophilAsthmaPositive predictive value (PPV)Rhinitis
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Neurocalcin-immunoreactive cells in the rat hippocampus are GABAergic interneurons

1998

Neurocalcin (NC) is a recently described calcium-binding protein isolated and characterized from bovine brain. NC belongs to the neural calcium-sensor proteins defined by the photoreceptor cell-specific protein recoverin that have been proposed to be involved in the regulation of calcium-dependent phosphorylation in signal transduction pathways. We analyzed the distribution and morphology of the NC-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the rat dorsal hippocampus and the coexistence of NC with GABA and different neurochemical markers which label perisomatic inhibitory cells [parvalbumin (PV) and cholecystokinin (CCK)], mid-proximal dendritic inhibitory cells [calbindin D28k (CB)], distal dendritic …

NeurocalcinbiologyChemistryCognitive NeuroscienceDentate gyrusHippocampusHippocampal formationGranule cellmedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemSchaffer collateralbiology.proteinmedicineCalretininNeuroscienceParvalbuminHippocampus
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Steady-state neutrophil homeostasis is dependent on TLR4/TRIF signaling

2013

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) are tightly controlled by an incompletely understood homeostatic feedback loop adjusting the marrow's supply to peripheral needs. Although it has long been known that marrow cellularity is inversely correlated with G-CSF levels, the mechanism linking peripheral clearance to production remains unknown. Herein, the feedback response to antibody induced neutropenia is characterized to consist of G-CSF–dependent shifts of marrow hematopoietic progenitor populations including expansion of the lin-/Sca-1/c-kit (LSK) and granulocyte macrophage progenitor (GMP) compartments at the expense of thrombopoietic and red cell precursors. Evidence is …

NeutrophilsImmunologyRecombinant Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating FactorBiologyBiochemistryGranulopoiesisMiceGranulocyte Colony-Stimulating FactorAnimalsHomeostasisGranulocyte Precursor CellsLymphocytesNeutrophil homeostasisReceptorMice KnockoutCell BiologyHematologyGranulocyte colony-stimulating factorToll-Like Receptor 4Adaptor Proteins Vesicular TransportTRIFMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88ImmunologyTLR4HomeostasisSignal TransductionBlood
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Pharmacological and biochemical study on the effects of selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors on human term myometrium

1999

This study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and beta2-adrenoceptor agonists on spontaneous contractions of human term myometrium. Rolipram, RP 73401 (3-cyclopentyloxy-N-(3,5(-dichloro-4-pyridil)-4-methoxybenzamide) and Ro 20-1724 (1-4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidozolidinone) (phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors) inhibited spontaneous myometrial contractions (Emax approximately 100%; pD2 of 6.80+/-0.28, 6.84+/-0.32 and 6.31+/-0.03, respectively). Salbutamol and formoterol were less effective (Emax=40+/-6% and 35+/-12%, respectively) than phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors to reduce myometrial contractility. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 3 (milrinone …

Nitroprussidemedicine.medical_specialtyTocolytic agentPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsSiguazodanPhosphodiesterase 3In Vitro Techniqueschemistry.chemical_compoundPregnancyInternal medicinemedicineHumansDrug InteractionsRolipramPharmacologyChromatographyDose-Response Relationship DrugPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesPhosphodiesteraseGeneral MedicineAdrenergic beta-AgonistsIsoenzymesEndocrinologychemistryMyometriumMilrinoneFemaleSodium nitroprussideZaprinastmedicine.drugNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
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