Search results for "Latin america"
showing 10 items of 239 documents
Product and process innovation and total factor productivity: Evidence for manufacturing in four Latin American countries
2017
The literature on firm productivity recognizes the important role played by firm innovation activities on firm productivity in developed countries. However, the literature for developing and emerging economies is scarce and far from conclusive. The aim of this paper is to study the innovation–productivity link (distinguishing between process and product innovations) for manufacturing at the firm level for four Latin American countries (two classified as upper-middle income countries by the World Bank—Argentina and Mexico—and two as lower-middle income—Colombia and Peru). We aim testing whether the level of development is a mediating factor in the innovation–productivity link. The data used …
Depression and Incidence of Frailty in Older People From Six Latin American Countries
2019
ObjectiveFrailty and depression are highly comorbid conditions, but the casual direction is unclear and has not been explored in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of depression on incident frailty in older people living in Latin America.MethodsThis study was based on a population-based cohort of 12,844 people aged 65 or older from six Latin American countries (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, and Peru), part of the 10/66 cohort study. Two types of frailty measures were used: a modified Fried frailty phenotype and a multidimensional frailty criterion, which included measures from cognition, sensory, nutrit…
Well-being, behavioral patterns and cycling crashes of different age groups in Latin America: Are aging adults the safest cyclists?
2019
ObjectivesThis study aimed at analyzing the cycling safety-related factors and the mental health indicators of elderly cyclists in comparison with other age groups.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the data of 911 bicyclists from two Latin American countries that have been experiencing a substantial growth of urban cycling during the last few years: Colombia and Argentina. Participants responded to an e-questionnaire on bicycling behaviors, mental health and cycling safety.ResultsAging adults reported lower rates of risky behaviors and traffic crashes (around .38 in five years), and, on the other hand, more cycling protective behaviors, a higher risk perception and a better…
Resilience and Socioeconomic Status as Predictors of Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being in Colombian Older Adults
2019
Well-being is a complex construct related to sociodemographic and cultural aspects that vary across cultures. Latin America is a region with high social inequalities among population groups, although this varies significantly depending on the country. This article proposes a model that seeks to establish the relationship between psychosocial variables, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction in a sample of Colombian older adults. The model explores associations between resilience, socioeconomic status, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being. A study with a sample of 617 Colombian older adults was conducted. A structural equation modeling technique was performed. The result…
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representat…
2021
Background: hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods: we used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prev…
Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori.
2020
This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and the potential modes of transmission. In addition to English language publications, the authors have included original full-text publications from Russia and Latin America published in the original languages. High H pylori prevalence has been reported in Russia, Jordan, Iran, China, and Latin American countries as well as in Arctic populations in Canada. Indigenous inhabitants in the Arctic were found to be infected substantially more frequently than non-indigenous inhabitants. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the ethnic minority groups were at a significantly higher risk of being H pylori seropositive c…
Competitividad Del Sector Manufacturero En Ammrica Latina Tendencias Y Determinants (Competitiveness of the Manufacturing Sector in Latin America Tre…
2014
Spanish Abstract: Tras analizar conjuntamente la evolucion de las exportaciones de los principales paises latinoamericanos en la ultima decada y examinar caso a caso los determinantes del desempeno de cada pais, este estudio concluye que la competitividad del sector manufacturero en la mayoria de los paises de la region ha disminuido a partir de 2007 hasta el 2012, despues de evolucionar de manera relativamente favorable entre el 2002 y el 2007. Este deterioro reciente, que ha sido mas marcado en paises como Brasil y Colombia, esta relacionado con el mantenimiento de un tipo de cambio real apreciado, elevados costes laborales y un insuficiente avance de la productividad de la mano de obra. …
What to avoid to succeed as an entrepreneur
2015
Abstract Entrepreneurship is a driver of economic growth and development. This study highlights the importance of entrepreneurship in emerging countries and examines entrepreneurs' characteristics in these countries. In particular, the study explains what entrepreneurs should avoid to succeed in Latin America. An empirical study analyzes factors that relate to businesses and entrepreneurs in El Salvador, one of the Latin American countries with the lowest rates of business success. In the study, business factors consist of the use of formal and informal advisory services and the degree of innovation. Variables that relate to the entrepreneur are educational attainment and the demographic va…
Using high-potential firms as the key to achieving territorial development
2016
Abstract This study examines which entrepreneurial antecedents like education, gender, motivation, and age; and environmental variables like citizen insecurity enable high-potential firms to establish themselves and act as the key to territorial development. The inclusion of the variable citizen insecurity is unusual, but several authors note how a violent context can affect entrepreneurial activity in Latin America. Insecurity generates massive expenses for entrepreneurs, who must invest to protect themselves against violence and cover the extraordinary expenses arising from this violence. The data analysis technique is fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), a powerful techniq…
Contratación internacional de médicos/as latinoamericanos/as en Portugal y España
2015
A partir das experiências dos/as médicos/as latino-americanos/as que exercem a sua profissão em Portugal e em Espanha, o artigo busca comparar o recrutamento internacional dos/as médicos/as, o reconhecimento das qualificações para o exercício da Medicina e os processos de integração profissional no sistema de saúde português e espanhol. Para isso, foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa baseada em entrevistas em profundidade. Os resultados mostram semelhanças e divergências em cada uma destas três dimensões nos dois contextos nacionais. From the experiences of Latin American doctors who practice their profession in Portugal and Spain, the article seeks to compare the international recruit…