Search results for "Linguistics"
showing 10 items of 8097 documents
Task-oriented reading efficiency : interplay of general cognitive ability, task demands, strategies and reading fluency
2022
AbstractThe associations among readers’ cognitive skills (general cognitive ability, reading skills, and attentional functioning), task demands (easy versus difficult questions), and process measures (total fixation time on relevant and irrelevant paragraphs) was investigated to explain task-oriented reading accuracy and efficiency (number of scores in a given time unit). Structural equation modeling was applied to a large dataset collected with sixth-grade students, which included samples of dysfluent readers and those with attention difficulties. The results are in line with previous findings regarding the dominant role of general cognitive ability in the accuracy of task-oriented reading…
The precursors of double dissociation between reading and spelling in a transparent orthography.
2016
Research and clinical practitioners have mixed views whether reading and spelling difficulties should be combined or seen as separate. This study examined the following: (a) if double dissociation between reading and spelling can be identified in a transparent orthography (Finnish) and (b) the cognitive and noncognitive precursors of this phenomenon. Finnish-speaking children (n = 1963) were assessed on reading fluency and spelling in grades 1, 2, 3, and 4. Dissociation groups in reading and spelling were formed based on stable difficulties in grades 1–4. The groups were compared in kindergarten phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, letter knowledge, home literacy environment, a…
Early Cognitive Profiles Predicting Reading and Arithmetic Skills in Grades 1 and 7
2020
The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive profiles composed of skills predicting the overlap between reading and arithmetic in kindergarten (phonological awareness, letter knowledge, rapid automatized naming, and counting sequence knowledge) and the relation of these profiles to reading and arithmetic skills at Grades 1 and 7. A total of four distinct cognitive profiles were identified in an unselected sample of 1,710 children aged 5–6 years: (1) high linguistic and high counting skills (39.2%), (2) low linguistic and low counting skills (25.4%), (3) high counting skills in relation to linguistic skills (15.3%), and (4) low counting skills in relation to linguistic skills (20.1%). …
Empathy in Technology Design and Graffiti
2021
This paper discusses empathic understanding, what it means, and how it can be acquired. After an overview of some theories and models from the existing literature, two experiments are presented, where participants were assessing graffiti works. From the results of these experiments, it can be concluded that empathic understanding involves both embodied processes and abstract inferences. Furthermore, understanding can be based on perceived, mechanistic bodily similarities and movements or on folk-psychological inferences mentalized between the observer/empathizer and an object/empathized. Empathic understanding it can also be gained by recognizing and implementing learned bodily skills and c…
Digital Games as a Source of English Vocabulary for Finnish Writers
2021
The material for this paper comes from Finnish people who wrote about their experiences of the music of digital games. We collected 184 texts, all but one written in Finnish. There is relatively little code-switching into English at the clause level, but the vocabulary of the texts is influenced by English on a continuum from clearly English words such as comfy to established loanwords such as uniikki (‘unique’). We will consider how the influence of the English language used both in the games and in discussions about them characterizes the vocabulary of these texts and how the English language enables the authors to enter the game world. peerReviewed
Aikuisten S2-oppijoiden kielenoppimisen kokemuksia selkomukautetun kaunokirjallisuuden parissa
2020
Artikkeli käsittelee oppimisen kokemuksia selkomukautetun kaunokirjallisuuden parissa kotoutumiskoulutuksen lukupiirissä. Aineistona ovat lukupiirien 24 osallistujan haastattelut. Haastattelut on tehty osallistujien toisella kielellä tai lingua franca -englannilla, ja niitä lähestytään fenomenologista ajattelutapaa hyödyntäen kertomuksina oppimisen kokemuksista. Kokemukset vaihtelevat yksilöllisesti, ja tärkeimmiksi merkityskokonaisuuksiksi nousevat sanat, kielen rakenteet ja kielenkäyttö. Kokemusten yksilöllisyyttä voidaan selittää sosiokulttuurisesta teoriasta käsin: vaikka selkomukautettu kaunokirjallisuus tarjoaa lukijalleen runsaasti kielellisiä affordansseja, tarjoumia, kukin lukija t…
Kuurojen turvapaikanhakijoiden kielikäsityksien muokkautuminen turvapaikkaprosessin aikana
2021
Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan kahden kuuron turvapaikanhakijan, Monan ja Omarin, kielikäsityksiä haastatteluaineiston pohjalta. Artikkelin tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä siitä, miten turvapaikkaprosessin aikaiset kokemukset kielistä ovat muokanneet haastateltavien käsityksiä kielistä ja kielikäytänteistä. Tutkimus perustuu lingvistiseen etnografiaan teoreettisena ja metodologisena lähestymistapana. Aineisto koostuu kolmesta etnografisesta haastattelusta, jotka tehtiin vuosina 2015–2017 vastaanottokeskuksissa ja haastateltavien uudessa kodissa. Aineisto on analysoitu sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tutkimuksesta selviää, että haastateltavien kielikäsitykset ovat muokkautuneet tilassa, ajassa …
Unwanted Literal Translation: An Underdiscussed Problem in International Achievement Studies
2012
In international achievement studies, a common test is typically used which is translated into the languages of the participating countries. For the test to be valid, all the translations and different-language test versions need to be equally difficult to read and answer. An underestimated and underdiscussed threat to this validity is unwanted literal translation. This paper discusses the problem of unwanted literal translation in international achievement studies. It defines what is meant by unwanted literal translation and explains why it is a threat to the validity of international achievement studies and why it is so difficult to avoid. It also discusses problems there have been when t…
Is There Any Hope for Developing Automated Translation Technology for Sign Languages?
2021
This article discusses the prerequisites for the machine translation of sign languages. The topic is complex, including questions relating to technology, interaction design, linguistics and culture. At the moment, despite the affordances provided by the technology, automated translation between signed and spoken languages – or between sign languages – is not possible. The very need of such translation and its associated technology can also be questioned. Yet, we believe that contributing to the improvement of sign language detection, processing and even sign language translation to spoken languages in the future is a matter that should not be abandoned. However, we argue that this work shou…