Search results for "Linoleic Acid"
showing 10 items of 147 documents
Lipid and fatty acid profile of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium/choroid, and the lacrimal gland, and associations with adipose tissue fatty ac…
2008
International audience; Accumulation of lipids within Bruch’s membrane (BrM) and between BrM and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) accounts for one of the biological changes associated with normal aging and may contribute to the development of age-related maculopathies. The origin of these lipids is still being actively investigated. The relative contribution of plasma lipids and lipids coming from the neural retina remains a matter of controversy. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) have been reported to significantly participate in the retina’s lipid supply, after active remodeling within RPE. Meanwhile, RPE expresses the enzymatic machinery for synthesizing lipoprotein-like particles. The obj…
Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Endurance Training on Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow of Trained Mice
2007
Fat supplements, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), are increasingly popular ergogenic aids among endurance athletes. To evaluate the importance of fat supplementation in the practice of endurance sports, we investigated the effects of CLA supplementation on body weight, muscle hypertrophy, peripheral blood composition, and bone marrow composition in healthy, young, endurance-trained mice. Young, healthy mice were subdivided into control, trained, and treated groups, according to their running attitudes. Training was performed over a period of 6 weeks on a treadmill, at a gradually increasing duration and speed. CLA-treated groups were gavaged with 0.425 mg x d(-1) CLA supplement fo…
Effect of low levels of dietary fish oil on fatty acid desaturation and tissue fatty acids in obese and lean rats
1995
The effect of very low levels of dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids on delta 6 desaturation of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), and on delta 5 desaturation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), in liver microsomes and its influence on tissue fatty acids were examined in obese and lean Zucker rats and in Wistar rats. Animals fed for 12 wk a balanced diet containing ca. 200 mg of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids per 100 g of diet were compared to those fed the same amount of alpha-linolenic acid. Low amounts of long-chain n-3 fatty acids greatly inhibited delta 6 desaturation of 18:2n-6 and delta 5 desaturation of 20:3n-6, while delta 6 desaturation of…
Hepatic steatosis is not due to impaired fatty acid oxidation capacities in C57BL/6J mice fed the conjugated trans-10,cis-12-isomer of linoleic acid.
2004
Decreased body fat mass and liver steatosis have been reported in mice fed diets containing the conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12-C18:2 (CLA2), but not in those fed diets containing cis-9,trans-11-C18:2 (CLA1). Because the decrease in fatty acid (FA) oxidation may cause fat accumulation, we questioned whether the effects of both CLAs on enzyme activities and mRNA expression were related to liver FA oxidation. To address this question, 7-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 4 wk a diet supplemented with 1% CLA1, CLA2, or cis-9-C18:1 (control) esterified as triacylglycerols. In CLA2-fed mice, the proportions of CLA2 in the total FA of liver lipids were substantially lower than those …
Reduction in systemic and VLDL triacylglycerol concentration after a 3-month Mediterranean-style diet in high-cardiovascular-risk subjects.
2010
The first results of the PREDIMED (PREvencion con Dieta MEDiterranea) randomized trial, after 3-month intervention, showed that the Mediterranean Diet (MD), supplemented with either virgin olive oil (VOO) or nuts, reduced systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol when compared to a control (low-fat diet) group. Serum TG levels are an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and are strongly determined by very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) composition, which can be specifically modified by dietary lipid source. Within the context of the PREDIMED study, we assessed the VLDL composition…
Liver carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of insulin-deficient mice is altered by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid.
2009
Feeding mice the trans-10, cis-12 (t10c12) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer is associated with lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and liver steatosis. It has been hypothesized that CLA-induced liver steatosis is the result of increased hepatic lipogenesis stimulated by high insulin levels. We studied the effects of a 12-d t10c12CLA treatment (1 g/100 g diet) on liver carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-injected mice. STZ mice were characterized by insulin deficiency, hypertriglyceridemia, and depletion of liver triglyceride and glycogen. Remarkably, feeding t10c12CLA to diabetic mice (STZ-CLA) normalized these variables. Reconstitutio…
Do Fat Supplements Increase Physical Performance?
2013
Fish oil and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) belong to a popular class of food supplements known as "fat supplements", which are claimed to reduce muscle glycogen breakdown, reduce body mass, as well as reduce muscle damage and inflammatory responses. Sport athletes consume fish oil and CLA mainly to increase lean body mass and reduce body fat. Recent evidence indicates that this kind of supplementation may have other side-effects and a new role has been identified in steroidogenensis. Preliminary findings demonstrate that fish oil and CLA may induce a physiological increase in testosterone synthesis. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of fish oil and CLA on physical performan…
Studies on the antioxidant activity of the essential oil and extract of Tunisian Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast. (Cupressaceae).
2013
This study analyses the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of both the essential oil and the 80% aqueous acetone extract of Tetraclinis articulata leaves. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil identified 66 components that comprise 93.5% of the oil. The major constituents of the oil are: bornyl acetate (31.4%), α-pinène (24.5%) and camphor (20.3%). Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined using four different test systems, namely DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid, reducing power and metal chelating activity assay. Test results from the DPPH system showed the strongest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the 80% aqueous acetone extract (IC(50) = 5.5 µ…
Specific adduction of plant lipid transfer protein by an allene oxide generated by 9-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase
2006
International audience; Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are ubiquitous plant lipid-binding proteins that have been associated with multiple developmental and stress responses. Although LTPs typically bind fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives in a non-covalent way, studies on the LTPs of barley seeds have identified an abundantly occurring covalently modified form, LTP1b, the lipid ligand of which has resisted clarification. In the present study, this adduct was identified as the {alpha}-ketol 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid. Further studies on the formation of LTP1b demonstrated that the ligand was introduced by nucleophilic attack of the free carboxylate group of the Asp-7 residu…
Biogeneration of 1-octen-3-ol by lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase activities of Agaricus bisporus
2001
Abstract The biogeneration of 1-octen-3-ol by lipoxygenase and associated hydroperoxide lyase activities of a homogenate of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus was investigated using linoleic acid as a substrate. The optimal substrate and protein concentrations were 1.5 mM and 1.5 mg ml −1 , respectively. The V max value for the enzymic coupled reaction lipoxygenase–hydroperoxide lyase was 6 μg of 1-octen-3-ol ml −1 min −1 , with a K m value of 0.3×10 −3 M. The highest enzymic activity was observed in the presence of pure oxygen (22.9 μg of 1-octen-3-ol ml −1 ), with a bioconversion yield of 36%. The production of 380 μg 1-octen-3-ol per g of mushroom homogenate was demonstrated using…