Search results for "Lipids"
showing 10 items of 2228 documents
Do we taste fat?
2006
Sense of taste informs the body about the quality of ingested foods. Five sub-modalities allowing the perception of sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami stimuli are classically depicted. However, the inborn attraction of mammals for fatty foods raises the possibility of an additional oro-sensory modality devoted to fat perception. During a long time, dietary lipids were thought to be detected only by trigeminal (texture perception), retronasal olfactory, and post-ingestive cues. This minireview analyses recent findings showing that the gustation also plays a significant role in dietary lipid perception.
Involvement of plasmalogens and iPLA2 in the control of post-natal retinal vascular development in mice
2014
International audience; Purpose: The correct development of retinal blood vessels is essential to ensure vision process through sufficient oxygen and nutrient supplies to the retina. It was shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) could modulate factors involved in tissue vascularization. A congenital deficiency in ether-phospholipids also termed as "plasmalogens" was shown to lead to abnormal ocular vascularization. Because plasmalogens are considered as reservoirs of PUFAs, we wanted to better understand the mechanisms by which plasmalogens may regulate retinal vascular development through the release of PUFAs by a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). Methods: Retinal vascu…
Role of 24-S-hydroxycholesterol in membrane dynamics during retinal gliosis in glaucoma
2017
International audience; Purpose : Glaucoma is a severe and irreversible ocular disease characterized by progressive optic neuropathy with the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). One of the established causes of RGC apoptosis is Müller Glial Cell (MGC) activation, called “retinal gliosis”. MGC are the most numerous glial cells in the retina and one of their roles is to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. A lack or an excess of cholesterol in neurons can cause neuro-degeneration. Cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) is present in RGC where it catalyses the formation of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), and thereby participates to cholesterol elimination. CYP46A1 is overexpressed during glauc…
Dietary ω3 fatty acids & metabolic syndrome in the rat: consequences on sensitivity and retinal functionality
2014
International audience; Purpose: High fructose diets have been widely used to trigger metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rodents. Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes leading in 30 to 40% of the cases to the development of diabetic retinopathy in humans. In the other hand, ω3 fatty acids have been associated with the prevention of MetS. Few studies have been interested in the early changes occurring in the retina after induction of MetS and to potential of ω3 fatty acids to reverse those effects. Methods: 96 male Brown Norway rats (6 weeks of age) were fed for 3 and 8 days with either of the four following diets (n=8 in each group): a regular chow diet …
Evidence for interactions between aroma compounds and the CB1 receptor: a way to regulate food intake?
2012
National audience; Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterised by a chronic imbalance of energy homeostasis. The regulation of dietary intake appears to be an effective way to regulate this imbalance. Furthermore, it is now well established that the endocannabinoid system influences appetite via the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1): CB1 agonists can promote food intake while CB1 antagonists tend to decrease appetite (1). Interestingly, recent studies showed that CB1-like receptors are expressed in the olfactory epithelium of Xenopus laevis tadpoles (2). Elsewhere, it has been demonstrated that aroma perception is implicated in the process of satiety (3). Co…
Quantitative analysis of fatty acids on choline- and ethanolamine-phospholipids in human ocular and non-ocular tissues by liquid chromatography/tande…
2011
Quantitative analysis of fatty acids on choline- and ethanolamine-phospholipids in human ocular and non-ocular tissues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)
Dietary n-3 PUFAs affect the blood pressure rise and the cardiac function modulation in a hyperinsulinemia rat model in vivo
2004
National audience; This study was designed to assess in vivo the cardiovascular consequences of a dietary docosahexaenoic (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid specific intake in a hyperinsulinemia (HI) model presented by fructose-induced insulin-resistant rats. Wistar rat (n=6 in each dietary group of control or HI rats) were fed for two months a diet containing 62% fructose, and supplemented (or not for control, NFD) with either DHA or EPA (240 mg per day). Modifications of the cardiovascular parameters (rise in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), modulation, ECG) were continously monitored using an intra-abdominal implanted telemetry system in HI rats. The myocardial phospolipid fatty a…
Lipase linguale et détection des lipides
2016
Lipase linguale et détection des lipides. Journées francophones de nutrition (JFN)
LXR, prostate cancer and cholesterol: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
2012
International audience; Cholesterol is a fundamental molecule for life. Located in the cell membrane, this sterol participates to the cell signaling of growth factors. Inside the cell it can be converted in hormones such as androgens or modulate the immune response. Such important functions could not be solely dependent of external supply by diet hence de novo synthesis could occur from acetate in almost all mammalian cells. If a deficiency in cholesterol sourcing leads to development troubles, overstocking has been associated to various diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancers. Cholesterol homeostasis should thus be tightly regulated at the uptake, de novo synthesis, storage and export…
Fermentation Products of Commensal Bacteria Alter Enterocyte Lipid Metabolism
2020
eferred to byJia Wen, John F. RawlsFeeling the Burn: Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modify Their Lipid Metabolism in Response to Bacterial Fermentation ProductsCell Host & Microbe, Volume 27, Issue 3, 11 March 2020, Pages 314-316; International audience; Despite the recognized capacity of the gut microbiota to regulate intestinal lipid metabolism, the role of specific commensal species remains undefined. Here, we aimed to understand the bacterial effectors and molecular mechanisms by which Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli regulate lipid metabolism in enterocytes. We show that L-lactate produced by L. paracasei inhibits chylomicron secretion from enterocytes and promotes lipid stora…