Search results for "Liste"
showing 10 items of 632 documents
Cognitive vs. affective listening modes and judgments of music - An ERP study
2010
The neural correlates of processing deviations from Western music rules are relatively well known. Less is known of the neural dynamics of top-down listening modes and affective liking judgments in relation with judgments of tonal correctness. In this study, subjects determined if tonal chord sequences sounded correct or incorrect, or if they liked them or not, while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured. The last chord of the sequences could be congruous with the previous context, ambiguous (unusual but still enjoyable) or harmonically inappropriate. The cognitive vs. affective listening modes were differentiated in the event-related potential (ERP) responses already before the end…
Discrimination of tonal and atonal music in congenital amusia: The advantage of implicit tasks
2016
International audience; Congenital amusia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of music perception and production, which has been attributed to a major deficit in pitch processing. While most studies and diagnosis tests have used explicit investigation methods, recent studies using implicit investigation approaches have revealed some unimpaired pitch structure processing in congenital amusia. The present study investigated amusic individuals' processing of tonal structures (e.g., musical structures respecting the Western tonal system) via three different questions. Amusic participants and their matched controls judged tonal versions (original musical excerpts) and atonal versions (with manipula…
Macrophage inhibiting activity in serum and central lymph of Listeria-immune mice.
1975
Serum and central lymph from mice immunized with live Listeria monocytogenes six days previously and boostered four hours before collection exerted significant inhibition of macrophage migration in vitro. It is concluded that lymphokines or lymphokine-like products of the cellular immune reaction are released in vivo and are possibly instrumental in the generation of acquired cellular antibacterial immunity.
Fractionating auditory priors: A neural dissociation between active and passive experience of musical sounds
2019
Learning, attention and action play a crucial role in determining how stimulus predictions are formed, stored, and updated. Years-long experience with the specific repertoires of sounds of one or more musical styles is what characterizes professional musicians. Here we contrasted active experience with sounds, namely long-lasting motor practice, theoretical study and engaged listening to the acoustic features characterizing a musical style of choice in professional musicians with mainly passive experience of sounds in laypersons. We hypothesized that long-term active experience of sounds would influence the neural predictions of the stylistic features in professional musicians in a distinct…
Intact cross-modality text-specific repetition priming in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
2001
This study was aimed at investigating the basic mechanisms of the normal repetition priming evoked by text re-reading procedures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (Monti, Gabrieli, Wilson, & Reminger, 1994; Monti et al., 1997). For this purpose, we contrasted the reading facilitation elicited by previous reading or listening to a text in a sample of AD patients and a group of age-matched normal controls. Consistent with previous evidence in normal undergraduates (Levy & Kirsner, 1989), previous listening to a text decreased the successive reading time of the same text (cross-modality priming). However, the reading facilitation elicited by previous reading of the same text (within…
Music and speech listening enhance the recovery of early sensory processing after stroke.
2010
Abstract Our surrounding auditory environment has a dramatic influence on the development of basic auditory and cognitive skills, but little is known about how it influences the recovery of these skills after neural damage. Here, we studied the long-term effects of daily music and speech listening on auditory sensory memory after middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. In the acute recovery phase, 60 patients who had middle cerebral artery stroke were randomly assigned to a music listening group, an audio book listening group, or a control group. Auditory sensory memory, as indexed by the magnetic MMN (MMNm) response to changes in sound frequency and duration, was measured 1 week (baseline), 3…
Media devices in pre-school children: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society
2018
Abstract Background Young children are too often exposed to mobile devices (MD) and most of them had their own device. The adverse effects of a early and prolonged exposure to digital technology on pre-school children has been described by several studies. Aim of the study is to analyze the consequences of MD exposure in pre-school children. Methods We analyzed the documented effects of media exposure on children’s mental and physical health. Results According to recent studies, MD may interfere with learning, children development, well being, sleep, sight, listening, caregiver-child relationship. Discussion Pediatricians should be aware of both the beneficial and side effects of MD and giv…
A comparison of the effects for sustained versus shifted attention on dichotic listening performance.
2009
We measured the effect of two types of directed attention instructions, sustained by a verbal cue or shifted by a tone cue with different time intervals (150, 450, and 750 ms), on a consonant-vowel dichotic listening (C-V DL) test for a large group of right- and left-handed participants of both sexes. An increasing of the hits and a decreasing of the intrusions from the baseline DL test scores was evident for both types of attentional manipulations, with no differences regarding sex or handedness. Increasing the time from 150 to 450 ms benefited the focusing of attention but this advantage was markedly attenuated at the longer 750-ms interval. The improving effect was seen for the hits of b…
Brain and behavioral alterations in subjects with social anxiety dominated by empathic embarrassment
2020
Significance People are increasingly affected by social anxiety that includes emotional hypersensitivity and inaccurate interpretation of social encounters, and varies markedly in its subjective manifestations. We searched for insights into the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of Taijin-kyofusho (TKS), a specific subtype of social-anxiety disorder common in East Asia and dominated by empathic or other-oriented embarrassment. We found TKS to be characterized by enhanced affective and reduced cognitive empathy. Moreover, analysis of functional MRI data—collected while subjects viewed videos of badly singing people—revealed disruption of the cognitive–empathy network, possibly obstructing …
How Social Entrepreneurs can Influence their Employees' Commitment
2017
ABSTRACTSocial entrepreneurship is an outstanding phenomenon that links entrepreneurship, social change, and economic development, which increasingly attracts the attention from scholars and policy makers alike. As in any other new venture, including social enterprises, motivated employees and the effect of their teamwork is considered the best way to deliver superior performance in highly competitive, global business environments. Therefore, employees' performance and their commitment become critical factors in the performance of social entrepreneurship. The aim of this article is to, first, explain how social entrepreneurs reinforce employees' commitment by developing some organizational …