Search results for "Location"

Sex Allocation Theory for Facultatively Sexual Organisms Inhabiting Seasonal Environments: The Importance of Bet Hedging

2018

Adaptive explanations for dormancy often invoke bet hedging, where reduced mean fitness can be adaptive if it associates with reduced fitness variance. Sex allocation theory typically ignores variance effects and focuses on mean fitness. For many cyclical parthenogens, these themes become linked, as only sexually produced eggs undergo the dormancy needed to survive harsh conditions. We ask how sex allocation and the timing of sex evolve when this constraint exists in the form of a trade-off between asexual reproduction and sexual production of dormant eggs—the former being crucial for within-season success and the latter for survival across seasons. We show that male production can be tempo…

Data from: Daphnia females adjust sex allocation in response to current sex ratio and density

2019

Cyclical parthenogenesis presents an interesting challenge for the study of sex allocation, as individuals’ allocation decisions involve both the choice between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the choice between sons and daughters. Male production is therefore expected to depend on ecological and evolutionary drivers of overall investment in sex, and those influencing male reproductive value during sexual periods. We manipulated experimental populations, and made repeated observations of natural populations over their growing season, to disentangle effects of population density and the timing of sex from effects of adult sex ratio on sex allocation in cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia…

Kin selection in interactions between gametes: Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and sex allocation

2023

Kin selection on one hand, and gamete interactions in post-ejaculatory sexual selection on the other are two major research themes that have risen to prominence over the past half century and have simultaneously developed into central fields of research in evolutionary biology. There is a natural connection between the two: when gametes interact with each other, very commonly many of them originate from the same parent and are thus siblings. For example, sperm competition will almost always involve competition between sibling gametes even if the interacting parents are not related to each other. If parents are related to each other, the relatedness between gametes increases further. Here we…

Niche position drives interspecific variation in occupancy and abundance in a highly-connected lake system

2019

Highlights • We studied interspecific variation in occupancy and abundance of freshwater species. • Occupancy and abundance correlated positively for both diatoms and macroinvertebrates. • Niche position had clearest effects on variation in occupancy and abundance. • The more marginal the niche position, the rarer a species is. We examined how niche position, niche breadth, biological traits and taxonomic relatedness affect interspecific variation in occupancy and abundance of two commonly-used biological indicator groups, i.e. diatoms and macroinvertebrates. We studied 291 diatom and 103 macroinvertebrate species that occupied the littoral zones of a large (305 km2) highly-connected freshw…

Testing and implementing a new approach to estimating interregional output multipliers using input-output data for South Korean regions

2020

Flegg's location quotient (FLQ) is a useful tool for estimating intraregional output multipliers. This paper uses it as one component when estimating interregional multipliers. Using statistical information criteria and official data for 16 South Korean regions, it is found that the best approach is to combine the FLQ with a simple trade model. The paper explains how the proposed procedure can be implemented for both multiple and individual regions, and also how a region-specific value for the unknown parameter δ in the FLQ formula can be determined. Finally, an illustrative case study of one of the regions is carried out.

Studies on higher education choices and spatial labour markets

2013

A multifaceted field sampling approach for the management of extremely narrow endemic vascular plant species

2022

Extremely narrow endemic plant species (ENEs) are generally connected with micro- refugia characterized by particular environmental conditions. In-depth knowledge of the ecological requirements of ENEs is fundamental to plan appropriate conservation measures. Using cross-cutting technology, this paper gives a multifaceted approach to collect on-site data on the ecology of ENEs, defines the protocols for a correct sampling design and describes the type of equipment, the time and expenditure needed. Our sampling approach is based on two orthogonal transects, long enough to extrapolate the whole ecological gradient across the area of occupancy of the target species. Microclimatic data are reco…

Data from: Low fitness at low latitudes: wintering in the tropics increases migratory delays and mortality rates in an Arctic breeding shorebird

2020

1. Evolutionary theories of seasonal migration generally assume that the costs of longer migrations are balanced by benefits at the non-breeding destinations. 2. We tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis of equal survival and timing of spring migration for High Arctic breeding sanderling Calidris alba using six and eight winter destinations between 55° N and 25° S, respectively. 3. Annual apparent survival was considerably lower for adult birds wintering in tropical West-Africa (Mauritania: 0.74 and Ghana: 0.75) than in three European sites (0.84, 0.84 and 0.87) and in subtropical Namibia (0.85). Moreover, compared with adults, second calendar-year sanderlings in the tropics, but not in …

Organizational identity and competition : a study of US semiconductor industry

2017

Organisationaalinen identiteetti ja kilpailu : tutkielma puolijohdeteollisuudesta. Tutkimuksen​ ​tehtävänä​ ​on​ ​selvittää,​ ​miten​ ​kaksi​ ​samalla​ ​puolijohdesektorilla​ ​kilpailevaa yritystä,​ ​Intel​ ​Corporation​ ​ja​ ​Advanced​ ​Micro​ ​Devices,​ ​kuvailee​ ​itseänsä​ ​ja​ ​kenttäänsä suhteessa​ ​kilpailijoihinsa​ ​ja​ ​siten​ ​rakentaa​ ​ja​ ​ylläpitää​ ​organisationaalista​ ​identiteettiään. Tutkimuksen​ ​teoreettisena​ ​näkökulmana​ ​on​ ​tarkastella​ ​markkinoita​ ​sosiaalisesti​ ​rakentuneena kenttänä​ ​jota​ ​kilpailu​ ​ylläpitää.​ ​Analyysimenetelmänä​ ​on​ ​käytetty​ ​koneoppivaa​ ​tekstin mallinnusmenetelmää​ ​nimeltä​ ​Latentti​ ​Dirichlet​ ​Allokaatio​ ​(LDA),​ ​jolla​ ​…

The Link Between Standardization and Economic Growth

2021

We analyze the link between standardization and economic growth by systematically reviewing leading economics journals, leading economic growth researchers’ articles, and economic growth-related books. We make the following observations: 1) No article has analyzed the link between standardization and economic growth in top5 economics journals between 1996 and 2018. 2) A representative sample of the leading researchers of economic growth has allocated little attention to the link between standardization and economic growth. 3) Typically, economic growth textbooks do not contain “standards” or “standardization” in their word indexes. These findings suggest that the economic growth theory has …