Search results for "Lolium"
showing 10 items of 32 documents
Three cytochrome P450 genes are over-expressed in ryegrass (Lolium sp.) plants resistant to the ALS inhibitors iodosulfuron+mesosulfuron or pyroxsula…
2013
One of the most intense abiotic stresses encountered by arable weeds infesting agricultural fields is herbicide application. Non-target-site based resistance (NTSR), which belongs to the weed herbicide stress response pathways, is an adaptive response to herbicides. Stress response is driven by gene regulation. It follows that NTSR is endowed by differences in the expression of a set of genes between sensitive and resistant plants. We developed an accurate and reliable quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay to detect differences in gene expression in the major grass weed Lolium sp. using two ALS inhibitors (iodosulfuron+mesosulfuron and pyroxsulam). Res…
Status of herbicide-resistant Lolium populations in wheat fields in Tunisia
2013
The evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds is a worldwide phenomenon in modern cropping systems. The presence of resistant populations can severely hamper herbicide-based weed control, thus leading to the need for a more accurate use of these products. In Tunisia, the first report of evolved herbicide resistance concerned Lolium rigidum populations collected in wheat fields in northern Tunisia in 1996 and found to be resistant to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting (ACCase) herbicides. The objective of this study is to detect and characterise herbicide resistance in ryegrass (Lolium spp). The sensitivity of nine ryegrass populations, collected in wheat fields in northern Tunisia, w…
Estudio de los mecanismos de resistencia a glifosato en dos biotipos de lolium spp.
2008
The aim of this study was to analyse the glyphosate resistance mechanisms in Lolium multiflorum and Lolium rigidum. Both these species were collected in Spain, the former in Andalusia in olive grove crops and the latter in citrus plantations in Valencia. These were compared to a susceptible population of both species, which had never been treated with herbicides. Absorption-translocation, contact angle and retention assays were performed. The experiment design used was completely random with six replications. The study was performed as a consequence of data previously obtained for screening and dose-response trials, and which served to confirm the resistance of the resistant biotypes. Regar…
Characterisation of rye-grass (Lolium sp.) transcriptome-wide response to ALS-inhibiting herbicides
2014
International audience; Non-target-site-resistance (NTSR) to herbicides is a major cause for failure in the chemical control of a number of weeds, and is especially widespread and important in grass weeds. Although several gene families have been shown to be involved in NTSR (cytochromes p450, glutathione-S-transferases, glycosyl-transferases, ABC transporters, esterases…), the genetic determinants of NTSR are still poorly known to date. NTSR is part of the response of weeds to herbicides. To unravel NTSR, it is thus of interest to firstly characterise the processes involved in herbicide stress response in grasses. For this purpose, we implemented a comparative whole-transcriptome sequencin…
Diagnosis of non target site based resistance within rye grass(Lolium sp): development of quick and reliable tests
2013
Non target site resistance (NTSR) is the major threat for effective herbicide-based control of grass weeds. NTSR, still largely unknown, is endowed by the regulation of a subset of the genes involved in the response of the weed to herbicide treatment. This study aims at identifying NTSR genes in rye-grass to develop resistance diagnosis tests. The transcriptome of plants resistant or sensitive to ALS inhibitors collected before and after herbicide application was sequenced using a deep sequencing technology. We identified genes differentially expressed between resistant and sensitive plants. We developed a RT-qPCR test to measure gene expression levels in individual plants from several popu…
Groupe de travail COLUMA Bourgogne Franche-Comté : analyse et cartographie de la résistance aux herbicides sur céréales
2013
This working group made a survey and drew maps of herbicide resistances in cereal crops according to modes of action and weed species. These resistances concern mainly grass weeds but also one dicot weeds.
Les phytoprotecteurs (« Safeners ») associés aux herbicides jouent-ils un rôle dans la sélection de résistances non liées à la cible ?
2016
Do herbicide-associated "Safeners" play a role in the selection for non-target-site resistances ? To ensure or improve crop selectivity, some herbicide molecules are applied in association with a “safener”. Safeners are compounds that, at the rate applied, enhance herbicide-degrading metabolic pathways supposedly specifically in crop plants. The metabolic pathways enhanced by safeners in crop plants are highly similar to those exacerbated in taxonomically closely related weed species that evolved non-target-site based resistance (NTSR) to herbicides. Herein, we show an enhancing effect of herbicide safeners on NTSR in a major noxious grass weed: rye-grass (Lolium sp.).
Chemical and acidic composition of Longissimus dorsi muscle of Comisana lambs fed with Trifolium subterraneum and Lolium multiflorum
2010
Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of grazing on Trifolium subterraneum and Lolium multiflorum, as pure or associated crops, on the chemical composition and on the fatty acid profile of the intramuscular lipids of the meat of lambs. Forty Comisana male lambs, on average weighing 13.75±1.90 kg, were divided into four homogenous groups of ten and called, in relation to the diet: group T those grazing on T. subterraneum; Group L on L. multiflorum; Group TL on adjacent monocultures of T. subterraneum and L. multiflorum (66.6 and 33.3% of surface, respectively); Group LT on adjacent monocultures of T. subterraneum and L. multiflorum (33.3 and 66.6% of surface, respectively). Every 10 …
Metālu biopieejamība un imobilizācija barības ķēdes segmentā augsne-augs
2015
Maģistra darba mērķis – izvērtēt vidi piesārņojošo metālisko elementu mobilitāti un biopieejamību barības ķēdes segmentā augsne-augs atkarībā no dažādu augsnes piedevu, piemēram, sapropelis, māls un arī uz sapropeļa un māla bāzes veidotu piedevu pievienošanas augsnēm. Sapropeļa kā augsnes piedevas ietekme uz augu attīstību tika vērtēta pēc dīgšanas un augu agrīnās attīstības testiem, izmantojot trīs kultūraugu (gurķu, tomātu, ganību airenes) sēklas. Darbā tika novērtēta Zn, Pb, Cd un Cu imobilizācija un biopieejamība, izmantojot augsnes ūdens un NH4NO3 ekstrakciju metodes. Augsnes piedevu faktiskā ietekme uz elementu biopieejamību tika noteikta piesārņotā augsnē ar pievienotām piedevām kult…
Agricultural potential of anaerobically digested industrial orange waste with and without aerobic posttreatment
2012
The potential of anaerobically digested orange waste with (AAD) and without (AD) aerobic post-treatment for use in agriculture was evaluated through chemical analyses, short-term phytotoxicity and long-term plant assays. Chemical analyses showed that AD contained ammonia and organic acids, and aerobic post-treatment did not significantly remove these phytotoxins. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio in AD was 1:0.26:0.96 and aerobic post-treatment did not change the composition in AAD except for K2O (1:0.26:1.24). Heavy metal contents in AD and AAD were more or less the same and were below the upper limit recommended for non-sewage sludge application on agricultural soils. Short-term phytotoxicity tests sh…