Search results for "Low-Molecular-Weight"
showing 10 items of 37 documents
Human kininogens interact with M protein, a bacterial surface protein and virulence determinant.
1995
Streptococcus pyogenes, the most significant streptococcal species in clinical medicine, expresses surface proteins with affinity for several human plasma proteins. Here we report that kininogens, the precursors to the vasoactive kinins, bind to the surface of S. pyogenes. M protein, a surface molecule and a major virulence factor-in these bacteria, occurs in > 80 different serotypes. Among 49 strains of S. pyogenes, all of different M serotypes, 41 bound radiolabelled kininogens, whereas 6 M protein-negative mutant strains showed no affinity. M protein of most serotypes bind fibrinogen, and among the 55 strains tested, binding of kininogens was closely correlated to fibrinogen bindi…
Acute dialysis: PMN-elastase as a new parameter for controlling individual anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin).
1991
Despite the improvements in the development of dialyzer membranes with greater hemocompatibility, an activation of the coagulation system occurs when blood comes into contact with exogenous surfaces. The large number of heparin dosage regimens demonstrate the difficulty to adapt general therapeutic guidelines. Low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin®) was administered as a single bolus dose for anticoagulation during 58 acute dialyses. Anti-Xa-activity, the plasma levels of the lysosomal elastase of the polymorphnuclear granulocytes (“PMN-elastase”) and of the thrombin-antithrombin III-complex (TAT) were measured at hourly intervals. Therapeutic anti-Xa-levels did not show evidence of suffici…
Successful Treatment of Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (CAPS) Associated With Splenic Marginal-zone Lymphoma With Low-molecular Weig…
2008
ABSTRACT Case report A 69-year-old woman with splenic marginal-zone lymphoma was admitted with progressive abdominal pain and splenomegaly as the suspected cause of pain. Rituximab treatment (375 mg/m 2 ) had been initiated on the day of admission. Abdominal computerized tomography revealed splenic infarction. Laboratory tests showed elevation of liver enzymes and creatinine, low platelet count, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, and lupus anticoagulant positivity. The diagnosis of catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome was made. Weight-adjusted low-molecular weight heparin therapy was initiated. Freedom from symptoms and normalization of liver enzymes and creatinine occurred w…
Anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury.
2013
A major challenge in the treatment of brain-injured patients is the decision on indication and timing of prophylactic anticoagulation. In addition, an increasing number of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are on preinjury anticoagulation therapy. Despite clear evidence for an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events and pulmonary embolism in traumatized patients without prophylactic anticoagulation, there is a lack of distinct recommendations and standardized clinical practice guidelines. This review summarizes current research evidence regarding post-traumatic prophylactic anticoagulation and management of patients with prehospital use of anticoagulants.In additio…
Home therapy for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in cancer patients
2005
Outpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has become a common practice in uncomplicated patients. Few data are still present in patients with comorbidity (such as cancer) or concomitant symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Cancer patients with DVT are often excluded from home treatment because they have a higher risk of both bleeding and recurrent DVT. We tested the feasibility and safety of the Home Treatment (HT) program for acute DVT a PE in cancer patients. Patients were treated as outpatients unless they required admission for other medical problems, were actively bleeding or had pain that requires parenteral narcotics. Outpatient treatment was with low molecular weight heparin (LM…
Platelet cut-off for anticoagulant therapy in thrombocytopenic patients with blood cancer and venous thromboembolism: an expert consensus
2019
Background. Management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with haematologic malignancies and thrombocytopenia is clinically challenging due to the related risks. No prospective studies or clinical trials have been carried out and, therefore, no solid evidence on this compelling issue is available. Methods. Given this, an expert panel endorsed by the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto Working Party on Thrombosis and Haemostasis was set up to produce a formal consensus, according to the RAND method, in order to issue clinical recommendations about the platelet (PLT) cut-off for safe administration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in thrombocytopenic (PLT <100×…
Effects of bemiparin on airway responses to antigen in sensitized Brown-Norway rats.
2004
Heparins have demonstrated activity in asthma. The effects of bemiparin, a low molecular weight heparin, were examined on antigen-induced responses in sensitized Brown-Norway rats. Inhaled bemiparin (1 mg/ml) reduced the acute bronchospasm produced by aerosol antigen, prevented airway hyperresponsiveness to 5-hydroxytryptamine postantigen exposure, and reduced the eosinophil count (from 0.205+/-0.062 to 0.054+/-0.016 x 10(6) cells/ml in antigen and antigen+bemiparin groups, respectively; P<0.05), eosinophil peroxidase activity, and proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as the transiently augmented mucin Muc5ac expression. Hyperresponsiveness to adenosine was not affec…
Massive pulmonary embolism in a young boy with T-cell leukaemia. Successful thrombolytic therapy by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).
2014
SummaryAcute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious complication in association with malignant diseases. We describe the successful treatment of PE applying a systemic thrombolytic therapy in a 4-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.The thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) 0.1 mg/ kg bodyweight per hour for six hours was continued for six days without important side effects. In particular no bleeding complications were observed. Computed tomography with contrast revealed a remarkable regression of the central PE. Without further delays the chemotherapy was resumed.
Blood rheology during chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer.
1998
The use of platinum based chemotherapy in ovarian malignancy and other cancer types is known to be associated with deep vein thrombosis. In a prospective study of 47 patients with ovarian cancer of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage Ib-IV, serial rheological parameters were determined (plasma viscosity, red blood cell aggregation under conditions of stasis and low shear) in addition to hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, platelets, and fibrinogen. At the same time the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was recorded before, during six cycles of first line cisplatinum/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, and 2 months thereafter (two-months check-up). Only six pati…
European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis:Day surgery and fast-track surgery
2017
: In recent years, day surgery and fast-track surgery have experienced a continuous increase in volume. Many procedures are now performed on an outpatient protocol, including general, orthopaedic, oncological, reconstructive or vascular surgery. The management of these patients is safe, but the incidence of venous thromboembolism in this population remains unknown. Several risk factors can be identified and stratified derived from studies of inpatient surgical management (e.g. Caprini score). Recommendations for thromboprophylaxis should be tailored from the assessment of both personal and procedure-related risk factors, although with a lack of evidence for application in outpatient managem…