Search results for "Lula"

showing 10 items of 7309 documents

Nuclear localization but not PML protein is required for incorporation of the papillomavirus minor capsid protein L2 into virus-like particles.

2004

ABSTRACT Recent reports suggest that nuclear domain(s) 10 (ND10) is the site of papillomavirus morphogenesis. The viral genome replicates in or close to ND10. In addition, the minor capsid protein, L2, accumulates in these subnuclear structures and recruits the major capsid protein, L1. We have now used cell lines deficient for promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, the main structural component of ND10, to study the role of this nuclear protein for L2 incorporation into virus-like particles (VLPs). L2 expressed in PML protein knockout (PML −/− ) cells accumulated in nuclear dots, which resemble L2 aggregates forming at ND10 in PML protein-containing cells. These L2 assemblies also attracted…

virusesImmunologyActive Transport Cell NucleusNuclear dotsBiologyPromyelocytic Leukemia ProteinMicrobiologyCell LinePromyelocytic leukemia proteinMiceDeath-associated protein 6Virus-like particleVirologymedicineAnimalsHumansNuclear proteinPapillomaviridaeAdaptor Proteins Signal TransducingCell NucleusTumor Suppressor ProteinsStructure and AssemblyIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsVirionvirus diseasesNuclear ProteinsOncogene Proteins Viralbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionMolecular biologyCell biologyNeoplasm ProteinsCell nucleusMicroscopy Electronmedicine.anatomical_structureInsect ScienceMutationbiology.proteinCapsid ProteinsNuclear transportCarrier ProteinsCo-Repressor ProteinsNuclear localization sequenceMolecular ChaperonesTranscription FactorsJournal of virology
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The Extracellular δ-Domain is Essential for the Formation of CD81 Tetraspanin Webs

2014

AbstractCD81 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the tetraspanin family. It forms large molecular platforms, so-called tetraspanin webs that play physiological roles in a variety of cellular functions and are involved in viral and parasite infections. We have investigated which part of the CD81 molecule is required for the formation of domains in the cell membranes of T-cells and hepatocytes. Surprisingly, we find that large CD81 platforms assemble via the short extracellular δ-domain, independent from a strong primary partner binding and from weak interactions mediated by palmitoylation. The δ-domain is also essential for the platforms to function during viral entry. We propose that, ins…

virusesLipoylationBiophysicschemical and pharmacologic phenomenaPlasma protein bindingBiologyTetraspanin 28Jurkat CellsProtein structurePalmitoylationTetraspaninViral entryExtracellularHumansComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS[PHYS]Physics [physics]MembranesHep G2 Cellsbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionCell biologyProtein Structure TertiaryProtein MultimerizationProtein Processing Post-TranslationalFunction (biology)CD81Protein Binding
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In vitro studies on the activation of the hepatitis C virus NS3 proteinase by the NS4A cofactor.

1996

AbstractProteolytic processing of the nonstructural proteins of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mediated by two viral proteinases: the NS2-3 proteinase cleaving at the NS2/3 junction and the NS3 serine-type proteinase responsible for processing at the NS3/4A, NS4A/B, NS4B/5A, and NS5A/B sites. Activity of the NS3 proteinase is modulated by NS4A. In the absence of this cofactor processing at the NS3-dependent sites does not occur or, in the case of the NS5A/B junction, is poor but increased when NS4A is present. Although recent studies demonstrated that proteinase activation requires direct interaction between NS3 and NS4A, the mechanism by which NS4A exerts the activation function is not kno…

virusesMolecular Sequence DataHepacivirusBiologyViral Nonstructural ProteinsCell LineEnzyme activatorProteinase 3VirologyCricetinaeMicrosomesAnimalsHumansAmino Acid SequenceBinding siteNS5APeptide sequenceSequence Deletionchemistry.chemical_classificationNS3Binding SitesBase Sequencevirus diseasesIntracellular Membranesbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionMolecular biologyIn vitrodigestive system diseasesAmino acidEnzyme ActivationBiochemistrychemistryDNA ViralPeptidesHeLa CellsVirology
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Revolutionary Struggle for Existence: Introduction to Four Intriguing Puzzles in Virus Research

2012

Cellular life is immersed into an ocean of viruses. Virosphere forms the shadow of this cell-based tree of life: completely dependent on the tree for existence, yet, the tree is equally unable to escape its ever evolving companion. How important role has the shadow played in the evolution of life? Is it a mere ethereal partner or a constitutive factor? In this chapter four puzzles in virus research are taken under the scope in order to probe some of the intriguing ways by which viruses can help us understand life on Earth. These puzzles consider the origin of genetic information in viruses, viruses as symbiotic partners, the structural diversity of viruses and the role of viruses in the ori…

virusesPolitical scienceTree of lifeStructural diversityStruggle for existenceBacterial virusVirusShadow (psychology)Cellular lifeEpistemology
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Immune responses during COVID-19 infection

2020

International audience; Over the past 16 years, three coronaviruses (CoVs), severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and 2015, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, have been causing severe and fatal human epidemics. The unpredictability of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) poses a major burden on health care and economic systems across the world. This is caused by the paucity of in-depth knowledge of the risk factors for severe COVID-19, insufficient diagnostic tools for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the absence of specific and effective drug treatments. While protective humoral and cellular immune responses are usually m…

virusesReviewmedicine.disease_causeDiagnostic toolsSeverity of Illness Index[SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunityimmune responsehumoral0302 clinical medicineRisk Factors[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseasesImmunology and AllergyRC254-282Coronavirus[SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseasesImmunity Cellular[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseasesNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensvirus diseases3. Good healthOncologySevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus[SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology030220 oncology & carcinogenesis[SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunologyMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseasesCovid-19Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Sars-CoV-2Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Immunology03 medical and health sciencesImmune systemIntensive caremedicineHumans[SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunityHost Microbial Interactionsbusiness.industryRC581-607Protective Factorsbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionmedicine.diseaseimmunityImmunity HumoralClinical trialCoronavirusImmunologyMiddle East respiratory syndromeImmunologic diseases. Allergybusinesscellular030215 immunology
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SV40 transformed fibroblasts recognize the same 140 kD fibronectin chemotactic fragment as non-transformed cells

1985

SV40-virus-transformed human embryonal fibroblasts show an enhanced chemotactic response to the glycoprotein fibronectin. However, they recognize the same chemotactic active region as non-transformed fibroblasts. The result suggests that an enhancement of chemotaxis by fibroblasts which have been transformed with Simian Virus 40 is due not to the utilization of further chemotactic domains in the molecule, but to an increased sensitivity of the cells to the chemoattractant.

virusesSimian virus 40BiologyVirus*Cell Transformation Viral Cells Cultured Chemotaxis/*drug effects Embryo Fibroblasts/physiology Fibronectins/*pharmacology Human Peptide Fragments/pharmacology Polyomavirus macacae/*physiologyCellular and Molecular NeurosciencemedicineHumansFibroblastMolecular BiologyCells CulturedPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationChemotaxisChemotaxisEmbryoCell BiologyFibroblastsCell Transformation ViralEmbryo MammalianVirologyPeptide FragmentsCell biologyFibronectinsSv40 virusFibronectinmedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryCell culturebiology.proteinMolecular MedicineGlycoprotein
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Clathrin- and Caveolin-Independent Entry of Human Papillomavirus Type 16—Involvement of Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains (TEMs)

2008

BACKGROUND: Infectious entry of human papillomaviruses into their host cells is an important step in the viral life cycle. For cell binding these viruses use proteoglycans as initial attachment sites. Subsequent transfer to a secondary receptor molecule seems to be involved in virus uptake. Depending on the papillomavirus subtype, it has been reported that entry occurs by clathrin- or caveolin-mediated mechanisms. Regarding human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), the primary etiologic agent for development of cervical cancer, clathrin-mediated endocytosis was described as infectious entry pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using immunofluorescence and infection studies we show in contra…

viruseslcsh:MedicinePlatelet Membrane GlycoproteinsTetraspanin 24CaveolaeKidneyEndocytosisClathrinVirusCell LineMembrane MicrodomainsViral life cycleTetraspaninAntigens CDCaveolaeInfectious Diseases/Viral InfectionsCaveolinInfectious Diseases/Sexually Transmitted DiseasesHumanslcsh:ScienceHuman papillomavirus 16MultidisciplinarybiologyTetraspanin 30lcsh:RVirionMembrane Proteinsvirus diseasesCell BiologyVirus InternalizationVirology/Host Invasion and Cell EntryVirologyClathrinEndocytosisCell biologyCell culturebiology.proteinFemalelcsh:QMicrobiology/Cellular Microbiology and PathogenesisHeLa CellsResearch ArticlePLoS ONE
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Learning and teaching oral communication in English in vocational school : learners' and teachers' views

2015

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää Englannin opetuksen tilaa ammatillisessa koulutuksessa. Suullista kielitaitoa painotetaan Ammatillisen perustutkinnon perusteissa sekä koulukohtaisissa opetussuunnitelmissa, joten myös tämä tutkimus keskittyi siihen. Vastaavia tutkimuksia on aiemmin tehty lukio-opetuksesta, mutta ei ammatillisesta opetuksesta. Aihe on tärkeä koska Suomessa osallistuu vuosittain satoja tuhansia ihmisiä ammatilliseen koulutukseen. Tutkimukseen osallistui 61 kolmannen vuoden opiskelijaa ja kolme opettajaa. Oli tärkeää, että molempien osapuolten näkemykset pääsivät esiin. Opiskelijoilta data kerättiin Internet-kyselyn avulla, jossa oli sekä monivalintakysymyksiä että avoi…

vocational schoolammatillinen koulutusOral communicationsuullinen kielitaitokieletammattikoululaisetteachers’ viewsopetusopettajatenglannin kielistudents’ views
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Suuhygienistin ja koululaisen vuorovaikutus ravitsemuskeskustelussa

2012

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata suuhygienistin ja koululaisten välistä vuorovaikutusta ohjauskeskusteluissa, joissa kartoitettiin koululaisten herkkujen käyttö ja päivän ateriat. Tavoitteena oli tutkia koululaisten puhetta herkkujen käytöstä, suuhygienistin keinoja edistää koululaisten osallistumista ravitsemuskeskusteluun sekä kuinka koululaisten osallistuminen mahdollistui suun terveyden ravitsemuskeskusteluissa. Tutkimusaineisto oli osa laajempaa suun terveydenhuollon tutkimusta, jonka aineisto on kerätty vuosina 2002–2005. Tästä aineistosta tähän tutkimukseen valittiin kahdeksan ohjauskeskustelua. Ohjaajana toimi yksi suuhygienisti, joka ohjasi yhteensä kahdeksaa 11– 12-vuotiasta k…

vuorovaikutuskeskustelunanalyysiravitsemuskasvatuskoululaisetDiskurssianalyysisuuhygienistitosallistuminen
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Koulukiusaaminen ilmiönä : yläkoulun oppilaiden kokemuksia kiusaamisesta

2006

Hamaruksen mukaan kiusaaminen perustuu usein kiusaajan tavoittelemalle valta-asemalle yhteisössä ja alkaa jonkun oppilaan erilaisuuden nimeämisestä. Tästä piirteestä luodaan nimityksiä ja kiusatulle rakennetaan maine, joka tarttuu ja leviää yhteisössä tarinoiden kertomisen välityksellä. Tarinoiden kertominen, hauskat jutut ja kiusaamiseen liittyvät rituaalit yhdistävät kiusaamiseen osallistuvia ja vahvistavat kiusaajan asemaa yhteisössä. Kiusaaminen jakaa yhteisön jäsenet ”meihin” ja ”heihin”.Kiusaaminen koostuu hetkellisistä vuorovaikutustilanteista, joiden havaitseminen ja tunnistaminen kiusaamiseksi voi olla ulkopuoliselle vaikeaa. Asiat, joista kiusataan, liittyvät oppilaskulttuurissa h…

vuorovaikutuskoulukiusaaminenperuskoulun yläastekokemuksetkoululaisetkiusaaminenkouluyhteisöoppilaatnormitsosiaaliset suhteetvaltaerilaisuus
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