Search results for "Lung"
showing 10 items of 2389 documents
Evaluation using m.c.n.p. code of the bremsstrahlung energy spectrum produced by interactions between structural materials and accelerated electrons
2004
Abstract In order to design the biological shield of industrial accelerator plants, it is needed to have a good knowledge of the bremsstrahlung energy spectrum and the intensity of the bremsstrahlung produced by electron interactions with both products (usually water equivalent) and structural materials such as concrete, iron, aluminium. Using the MCNP code, a normalized bremsstrahlung energy spectrum was obtained for materials with average atomic number lower than or equal to 13 and irradiated with 5 and 10 Mev electrons, respectively; multiplying the spectrum by suitable coefficients, it was possible to obtain the real spectrum for materials such as water, concrete, aluminium and iron. Th…
SU-FF-T-180: Dosimetric Characteristics of Tm-170 as a Radionuclide for Its Possible Use in Brachytherapy
2006
In clinical brachytherapy several types of photon sources are used, mainly Cs‐137, Ir‐192, I‐125, and Pd‐103. The Tm‐170 is a promising radionuclide for use in brachytherapy because of the low mean‐energy (46.75 keV or 66.39 keV if the lines below 10 keV are removed) and the possible high specific activity (2.21×1014 Bq/g for a half life of 128.6 days). Tm‐170 is produced in a nuclear reactor by neutron absorption of the natural Tm‐169 and decays mainly via β‐emission. The maximum energies of the β‐rays are 0.290 and 0.323 MeV. These β particles are thus absorbed in the source core and in the encapsulation cover producing bremsstrahlung that contributes significantly to the dose. These fact…
The Two‐Component X‐Ray Broadband Spectrum of X Persei Observed byBeppoSAX
1998
We report temporal and broadband (0.1-200 keV) spectral analysis of the Be/X-ray binary X Persei observed by the Narrow Field Instruments (NFI) on board the BeppoSAX satellite. The source luminosity is ~1.2 × 1034 ergs s-1 in the energy range 0.1-10 keV and ~2.4 × 1034 ergs s-1 in the range 0.1-200 keV. The source shows pulsations from 0.1 keV up to 80 keV. No variations of the pulse profile with energy are visible. The barycentric pulse period is 837.376 ± 0.026 s, in agreement with the secular spin-down observed since 1978. The 0.1-10 keV energy spectrum can be well fitted by a power law plus high-energy cutoff, in agreement with previous observations, although at higher energies a hard e…
Photon Asymmetry of Deuteron Photodisintegration Between 160 and 410 MeV
1999
The photon asymmetry Σ of the reaction has been measured across the photon energy range 160–410 MeV at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. Linearly polarized photons were obtained from coherent bremsstrahlung and their energies were determined with the Glasgow tagging spectrometer. The large acceptance detector DAPHNE enabled the outgoing protons to be measured over the complete azimuthal range and for polar angles from 35° to 155° in the c.m. system. The data are compared with existing results and recent theoretical calculations.
First online operation of TRIGA-TRAP
2020
Abstract We report on the successful coupling of the Penning-trap mass spectrometry setup TRIGA-TRAP to the research reactor TRIGA Mainz. This offers the possibility to perform direct high-precision mass measurements of short-lived nuclei produced in neutron-induced fission of a 235 U target located near the reactor core. An aerosol-based gas-jet system is used for efficient transport of short-lived neutron-rich nuclei from the target chamber to a surface ion source. In conjunction with new ion optics and extended beam monitoring capabilities, the experimental setup has been fully commissioned. The design of the surface ion source, efficiency studies and first results are presented.
Image charge shift in high-precision Penning traps
2019
An ion in a Penning trap induces image charges on the surfaces of the trap electrodes. These induced image charges are used to detect the ion's motional frequencies, but they also create an additional electric field, which shifts the free-space cyclotron frequency typically at a relative level of several ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$. In various high-precision Penning-trap experiments, systematics and their uncertainties are dominated by this so-called image charge shift (ICS). The ICS is investigated in this work by a finite-element simulation and by a dedicated measurement technique. Theoretical and experimental results are in excellent agreement. The measurement is using singly stored ions a…
Collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE: new methods and highlights
2017
Over three and a half decades of collinear laser spectroscopy and the COLLAPS setup have played a major role in the ISOLDE physics programme. Based on a general experimental principle and diverse approaches towards higher sensitivity, it has provided unique access to basic nuclear properties such as spins, magnetic moments and electric quadrupole moments as well as isotopic variations of nuclear mean square charge radii. While previous methods of outstanding sensitivity were restricted to selected chemical elements with special atomic properties or nuclear decay modes, recent developments have yielded a breakthrough in sensitivity for nuclides in wide mass ranges. These developments include…
Über eine eichung eines 7.5 × 7.5 cm - NaJ(Tl) - Vollkristalls zur absolutzählung flächenförmiger präparate
1966
Abstract The photopeak efficiency and the peak-to-total ratio for a 7.5 × 7.5 cm solid NaI(Tl)-crystal are determined in the range of 0.145–1.33 MeV. The disintegration rates of the disc sources used are known by 4 πβ -and 4 πβ - γ -coincidence measurements. The effect of the disc diameter and the distance source-crystal on the photopeak efficiency is studied thoroughly. The data obtained are compared with those of other authors. The evaluation of the photopeak area is performed in a frequency diagram, a special type of probability scale, in which both parts of the Gaussian curve are represented by straight lines. Hence, corrections for the Compton overlap, bremsstrahlung and background can…
Enhancement of Bremsstrahlung Radiation Generated by Electron Beam Interaction in an Axially-Oriented Scintillator Crystal (Poster)
2019
Since their discovery, scintillator materials have played an important role in nuclear and particle physics, as well as in medical and industrial imaging. [...]
Electron heating, time evolution of bremsstrahlung and ion beam current in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources
2010
This thesis is a study of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasmas and their properties. The focus has been on time evolution studies of bremsstrahlung emission, ion beam current production and numerical studies of electron heating in ECRIS plasmas. The time scales for reaching steady state bremsstrahlung production at electron energies greater than 30 keV is shown to be on the order of several hundreds of milliseconds. The ion beam currents of different elements are shown to reach steady state before the bremsstrahlung production. It is also demonstrated that by tuning the RF pulse patterns, the so-called preglow transient ion beam currents can be utilized while the amount o…