Search results for "Lung"

showing 10 items of 2389 documents

Relevance of 3d culture systems to study osteosarcoma environment

2018

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, which preferentially develops lung metastasis. Although standard chemotherapy has significantly improved long-term survival over the past few decades, the outcome for patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains dramatically poor. Novel therapies are therefore required to slow progression and eradicate the disease. Furthermore, to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for OS onset and progression, the development of novel predictive culture systems resembling the native three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment are mandatory. ‘Tumor engineering’ approaches radically changed t…

0301 basic medicineCancer Research3D cell culture system; Osteosarcoma; Scaffolds; SpheroidsLung metastasisCell Culture TechniquesBone NeoplasmsReviewDiseaselcsh:RC254-282Scaffold03 medical and health sciences3D cell culture0302 clinical medicineSettore BIO/13 - Biologia ApplicataSlow progressionSpheroids CellularTumor MicroenvironmentmedicineAnimalsHumans3D cell culture systemScaffoldsOsteosarcomaTumor microenvironmentTissue Scaffoldsbusiness.industrylcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensmedicine.disease3. Good healthClinical Practice030104 developmental biologyOncologyCell culture030220 oncology & carcinogenesisCancer researchOsteosarcomaSpheroidsbusinessJournal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
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Extracellular vesicles as miRNA nano-shuttles : dual role in tumor progression

2018

[EN] Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a pleiotropic role in cancer, interacting with target cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts, immune and endothelial cells. EVs can modulate tumor progression, angiogenic switch, metastasis, and immune escape. These vesicles are nano-shuttles containing a wide spectrum of miRNAs that contribute to tumor progression. MiRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles (EV-miRNAs) are disseminated in the extracellular space and are able to influence the expression of target genes with either tumor suppressor or oncogenic functions, depending on both parental and target cells. Metastatic cancer cells can balance their oncogenic pote…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchAngiogenic SwitchLung-CancerBIOLOGIA CELULARMessenger-RNAsSuppressor-CellsDendritic cellsMetastasisLiquid biopsies03 medical and health sciencesExtracellular VesiclesImmune systemSettore BIO/13 - Biologia ApplicatamicroRNAMedicineHumansNanotechnologyPharmacology (medical)miRNAMyelogenous Leukemia-CellsExtracellular vesicles; miRNA; cancer cellsTumor microenvironmentExosome-Mediated transferbusiness.industryCancerProteinsmedicine.diseaseMicrornasMicroRNAs030104 developmental biologyOncologyTumor progressionCancer cellcancer cellsCancer researchDisease ProgressionHuman medicineExtracellular vesiclebusinessMicrovesiclesTargeted oncology
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Targeting prohibitins with chemical ligands inhibits KRAS-mediated lung tumours.

2017

KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). RAS proteins trigger multiple effector signalling pathways including the highly conserved RAF-MAPK pathway. CRAF, a direct RAS effector protein, is required for KRAS-mediated tumourigenesis. Thus, the molecular mechanisms driving the activation of CRAF are intensively studied. Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptor protein and interaction of CRAF with PHB1 at the plasma membrane is essential for CRAF activation. Here, we demonstrate that PHB1 is highly expressed in NSCLC patients and correlates with poor survival. Targeting of PHB1 with two chemical ligands (rocaglamide an…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchEGF Family of ProteinsLung NeoplasmsBiologyLigandsProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundMice0302 clinical medicineGrowth factor receptorRocaglamideEpidermal growth factorCarcinoma Non-Small-Cell LungCell Line TumorProhibitinsGeneticsAnimalsHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyProhibitinMolecular BiologyBenzofuransCell ProliferationRas InhibitorMice KnockoutTNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3EffectorXenograft Model Antitumor Assaysrespiratory tract diseasesCell biologyProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)Gene Expression Regulation NeoplasticRepressor Proteins030104 developmental biologychemistry030220 oncology & carcinogenesisras Proteinsraf KinasesSignal transductionSignal TransductionOncogene
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PHD3 Controls Lung Cancer Metastasis and Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors through TGFα.

2018

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, in large part due to its high propensity to metastasize and to develop therapy resistance. Adaptive responses to hypoxia and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are linked to tumor metastasis and drug resistance, but little is known about how oxygen sensing and EMT intersect to control these hallmarks of cancer. Here, we show that the oxygen sensor PHD3 links hypoxic signaling and EMT regulation in the lung tumor microenvironment. PHD3 was repressed by signals that induce EMT and acted as a negative regulator of EMT, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. PHD3 depletion in tumors, which can be caused by the EM…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionLung NeoplasmsMice NudeAntineoplastic AgentsSMADDrug resistanceMetastasisHypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline DioxygenasesMitochondrial Proteins03 medical and health sciencesErlotinib HydrochlorideMice0302 clinical medicineDownregulation and upregulationCell Line TumorTumor MicroenvironmentMedicineAnimalsHumansNeoplasm MetastasisLung cancerProtein Kinase InhibitorsEGFR inhibitorsbusiness.industryIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsCancerTransforming Growth Factor alphamedicine.diseaseHCT116 CellsXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysCell HypoxiaErbB Receptors030104 developmental biologyOncologyA549 CellsDrug Resistance Neoplasm030220 oncology & carcinogenesisembryonic structuresCancer researchFemaleErlotinibbusinessApoptosis Regulatory Proteinsmedicine.drugCancer research
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Targeting the MET oncogene by concomitant inhibition of receptor and ligand via an antibody-"decoy" strategy

2018

MET, a master gene sustaining "invasive growth," is a relevant target for cancer precision therapy. In the vast majority of tumors, wild-type MET behaves as a "stress-response" gene and relies on the ligand (HGF) to sustain cell "scattering," invasive growth and apoptosis protection (oncogene "expedience"). In this context, concomitant targeting of MET and HGF could be crucial to reach effective inhibition. To test this hypothesis, we combined an anti-MET antibody (MvDN30) inducing "shedding" (i.e., removal of MET from the cell surface), with a "decoy" (i.e., the soluble extracellular domain of the MET receptor) endowed with HGF-sequestering ability. To avoid antibody/decoy interaction-and …

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchLung NeoplasmsCellContext (language use)ApoptosisMice SCIDLigands03 medical and health sciencesMice0302 clinical medicineMice Inbred NODanti-HGF therapy; antibodies; decoy; MET oncogene; MET target therapyMET oncogeneExtracellularmedicineTumor Cells CulturedantibodiesAnimalsHumansdecoyCell ProliferationOncogenebiologyMET target therapyChemistryAntibodies MonoclonalProto-Oncogene Proteins c-metXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysIn vitro030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisCancer cellColonic NeoplasmsCancer researchbiology.proteinanti-HGF therapyFemaleAntibodyDecoyGlioblastoma
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Doxorubicin anti-tumor mechanisms include Hsp60 post-translational modifications leading to the Hsp60/p53 complex dissociation and instauration of re…

2017

Hsp60 is a pro-carcinogenic chaperonin in certain tumor types by interfering with apoptosis and with tumor cell death. In these tumors, it is not known whether or not doxorubicin anti-tumor effects include a blockage of the pro-carcinogenic action of this protein. We used the human lung mucoepidermoid cell line NCI-H292 and different doses of doxorubicin to measure cell viability, cell cycle progression, cell senescence indicators, Hsp60 levels and its post-translational modifications as well as the release of the chaperonin into the extracellular environment. Cell viability was reduced in relation to doxorubicin dose and this was paralleled by the appearance of cell senescence markers. Con…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchLung NeoplasmsChaperoninsCellApoptosismedicine.disease_causeHistones0302 clinical medicineCellular SenescenceAntibiotics AntineoplasticAcetylationG2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpointsmedicine.anatomical_structureOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisCell agingIntracellularProtein BindingSignal TransductionSenescenceCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21animal structuresCell Survivalchemical and pharmacologic phenomenaBiologycomplex mixturesMitochondrial ProteinsDoxorubicin Hsp60 Acetylation Ubiquitination p53 Replicative senescence03 medical and health sciencesDoxorubicin; Hsp60; p53; replicative senescence; post-translational modificationsCell Line TumormedicineHumansCell Proliferationdoxorubicin p53 Hsp60Dose-Response Relationship DrugCell growthfungiUbiquitinationChaperonin 60Molecular biology030104 developmental biologyAcetylationApoptosisDoxorubicinProteolysisCancer researchCarcinoma MucoepidermoidTumor Suppressor Protein p53CarcinogenesisProtein Processing Post-Translational
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NGS‐based liquid biopsy profiling identifies mechanisms of resistance to ALK inhibitors: a step toward personalized NSCLC treatment

2021

Despite impressive and durable responses, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors (ALK‐Is) ultimately progress due to development of resistance. Here, we have evaluated the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) upon disease progression. We collected 26 plasma and two cerebrospinal fluid samples from 24 advanced ALK‐positive NSCLC patients at disease progression to an ALK‐I. These samples were analyzed by NGS and digital PCR. A tool to retrieve variants at the ALK locus was developed (VALK tool). We identified at least one resistance mutation in the ALK locus in ten (38.5%) p…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchLung NeoplasmsEML4-ALKAntineoplastic AgentsEML4‐ALKmedicine.disease_causeNSCLCIDH2Circulating Tumor DNA03 medical and health sciencesALK-TKI0302 clinical medicineCarcinoma Non-Small-Cell LungMAP2K1hemic and lymphatic diseasesALK‐TKIGeneticsmedicineHumansAnaplastic lymphoma kinaseAnaplastic Lymphoma KinaseDigital polymerase chain reactionPrecision MedicineLiquid biopsyProtein Kinase InhibitorsneoplasmsResearch ArticlesRC254-282MutationCrizotinibliquid biopsybusiness.industryHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensGeneral MedicineResistance mutation3. Good health030104 developmental biologyOncologyDrug Resistance Neoplasm030220 oncology & carcinogenesisNGSMutationCancer researchMolecular MedicinebusinessResearch Articlemedicine.drugMolecular Oncology
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Immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a bridge between research and clinical practice

2018

Lung cancer has been historically considered a poorly immunogenic disease because of the few evidence of immune responses in affected patients and the limited efficacy of immunomodulating strategies. Recent understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to cancer immune evasion has allowed the development of a new class of drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors, which reactivate host responses with outstanding clinical benefits in a portion of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize the basis of immunogenicity and immune escape of cancer, with specific focus on non-small-cell lung cancer, mechanisms underlying immune checkpoint inhibitors effica…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchLung NeoplasmsSettore MED/06 - Oncologia Medicamedicine.medical_treatmentProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptorimmune checkpoint inhibitorDiseaseNSCLCBioinformaticsB7-H1 Antigenimmune checkpoint inhibitorsTranslational Research Biomedical0302 clinical medicineCarcinoma Non-Small-Cell LungPD-1clinical studiesNSCLC; PD-1; PD-L1; biomarkers; cancer immunogenicity; clinical studies; immune checkpoint inhibitors; translational researchMolecular Targeted TherapybiologyImmunogenicityGeneral Medicinecancer immunogenicityOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisbiomarkerCytokinesImmunotherapyPD-L1chemical and pharmacologic phenomena03 medical and health sciencesLymphocytes Tumor-InfiltratingImmune systemPD-L1Biomarkers TumormedicineHumansLung cancerbusiness.industryImmunitybiomarkersCancerImmunotherapymedicine.disease030104 developmental biologytranslational researchTumor EscapeMutationbiology.proteinTumor Escapebusinessclinical studieFuture Oncology
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Trabectedin Overrides Osteosarcoma Differentiative Block and Reprograms the Tumor Immune Environment Enabling Effective Combination with Immune Check…

2016

Abstract Purpose: Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone tumor, is characterized by an aggressive behavior with high tendency to develop lung metastases as well as by multiple genetic aberrations that have hindered the development of targeted therapies. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed; however, novel combinations with immunotherapies and checkpoint inhibitors require suitable preclinical models with intact immune systems to be properly tested. Experimental Design: We have developed immunocompetent osteosarcoma models that grow orthotopically in the bone and spontaneously metastasize to the lungs, mimicking human osteosarcoma. These models have been used to test the effica…

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchLung Neoplasmsmedicine.medical_treatmentCellular differentiationT-LymphocytesProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorBone NeoplasmsCore Binding Factor Alpha 1 SubunitDioxolesBiology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systemCell Line TumorTetrahydroisoquinolinesmedicineTumor MicroenvironmentHumansTrabectedinTumor microenvironmentOsteosarcomaCancerCell DifferentiationImmunotherapymedicine.diseaseCellular ReprogrammingPrimary tumor030104 developmental biologyOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisImmunologyCancer researchOsteosarcomaImmunotherapyOsteosarcoma Trabectedin tumor mouse models immune cells immune checkpoint inhibitors.Tumor Suppressor Protein p53medicine.drugTrabectedinClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
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Genomic Profiling of Patient-Derived Xenografts for Lung Cancer Identifies B2M Inactivation Impairing Immunorecognition

2017

Abstract Purpose: We aimed to maximize the performance of detecting genetic alterations in lung cancer using high-throughput sequencing for patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Experimental Design: We undertook an integrated RNA and whole-exome sequencing of 14 PDXs. We focused on the genetic and functional analysis of β2-microglobulin (B2M), a component of the HLA class-I complex. Results: We identified alterations in genes involved in various functions, such as B2M involved in immunosurveillance. We extended the mutational analysis of B2M to about 230 lung cancers. Five percent of the lung cancers carried somatic mutations, most of which impaired the correct formation of the HLA-I complex. …

0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchLungHuman leukocyte antigenBiologymedicine.diseaseImmunosurveillance03 medical and health sciences030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureOncologyDownregulation and upregulationImmunologymedicineCancer researchCytotoxic T cellLung cancerExome sequencingCD8Clinical Cancer Research
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