Search results for "Lung"

Focal Transcriptional Activity of Murine Cytomegalovirus during Latency in the Lungs

1999

ABSTRACT Interstitial pneumonia is a frequent and critical manifestation of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in immunocompromised patients, in particular in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. Previous work in the murine CMV infection model has identified the lungs as a major organ site of CMV latency and recurrence. It was open to question whether the viral genome is transcriptionally silent or active during latency. Transcription could be latency associated and thus be part of the latency phenotype. Alternatively, transcriptional activity could reflect episodes of reactivation. We demonstrate here that transcription of the immediate-early (IE) transcription unit ie1-ie3 selectiv…

Frequent coinfection of cells explains functional in vivo complementation between cytomegalovirus variants in the multiply infected host.

2005

In contrast to many other virus infections, primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection does not fully protect against reinfection. Accordingly, clinical data have revealed a coexistence of multiple human CMV variants/ strains in individual patients. Notably, the phenomenon of multiple infection was found to correlate with increased virus load and severity of CMV disease. Although of obvious medical relevance, the mechanism underlying this correlation is unknown. A weak immune response in an individual could be responsible for a more severe disease and for multiple infections. Alternatively, synergistic contributions of variants that differ in their biological properties can lead to qualitative…

The role of vegetation on gully erosion stabilization at a severely degraded landscape: A case study from Calhoun Experimental Critical Zone Observat…

2018

Abstract Gully erosion was evidence of land degradation in the southern Piedmont, site of the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory (CCZO), during the cotton farming era. Understanding of the underlying gully erosion processes is essential to develop gully erosion models that could be useful in assessing the effectiveness of remedial and soil erosion control measures such as gully backfilling, revegetation, and terracing. Development and validation of process-based gully erosion models is difficult because observations of the formation and progression of gullies are limited. In this study, analytic formulations of the two dominant gullying processes, namely, plunge pool erosion and slab failure…

Respiratory plasticity in response to changes in oxygen supply and demand

2011

Aerobic organisms maintain O(2) homeostasis by responding to changes in O(2) supply and demand in both short and long time domains. In this review, we introduce several specific examples of respiratory plasticity induced by chronic changes in O(2) supply (environmental hypoxia or hyperoxia) and demand (exercise-induced and temperature-induced changes in aerobic metabolism). These studies reveal that plasticity occurs throughout the respiratory system, including modifications to the gas exchanger, respiratory pigments, respiratory muscles, and the neural control systems responsible for ventilating the gas exchanger. While some of these responses appear appropriate (e.g., increases in lung su…

[Physiology and clinical relevance of hyperoxygenation].

2005

Binding of [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5] Enkephalin, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]Enkephalin, and [3H]U-69,593 to Airway and Pulmonary Tissues of Normal and S…

1997

Abstract Bhargava, H. N., V. M. Villar, J. Cortijo and E. J. Morcillo. Binding of [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [3H]U-69,593 to airway and pulmonary tissues of normal and sensitized rats. Peptides 18(10) 1603–1608, 1997.—The role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of bronchomotor tone, as well as in the pathophysiology of asthma is uncertain. We have studied the binding of highly selective [3H]labeled ligands of μ-([D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin; DAMGO), δ ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin; DPDPE), and κ-(U-69,593) opioid receptors to membranes of trachea, main bronchus, lung parenchyma and pulmonary artery obtained from normal (uns…

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy continuation with high-dose hypofractionated radiotherapy in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) p…

2020

e21580 Background: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent the standard first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations. However, despite initial marked responses, tumors invariably develop acquired resistance to TKIs. Oligoprogression is commonly observed during treatment with oncogene-directed therapies, including EGFR TKIs, and refers to patients who experience disease progression only in limited sites as a result of heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance. The use of local ablative treatments for these resistant lesions may extend the duration of TKI therapy and potentially improve long-term disease control and survival…

Selection of suitable housekeeping genes for expression analysis in glioblastoma using quantitative RT-PCR

2009

Abstract Background Considering the broad variation in the expression of housekeeping genes among tissues and experimental situations, studies using quantitative RT-PCR require strict definition of adequate endogenous controls. For glioblastoma, the most common type of tumor in the central nervous system, there was no previous report regarding this issue. Results Here we show that amongst seven frequently used housekeeping genes TBP and HPRT1 are adequate references for glioblastoma gene expression analysis. Evaluation of the expression levels of 12 target genes utilizing different endogenous controls revealed that the normalization method applied might introduce errors in the estimation of…

Riflessioni e traiettorie di ricerca interdisciplinari sulla transizione digitale

2022

The contribution introduces the topic covered by vol. 12 of AGATHÓN through essays, studies, research and projects on Innovability©® | Digital Transition to investigate the current widespread transformation that unites dichotomies (analogue and digital), enhances oxymorons (artificial intelligence), creates paradoxes (materiality of the intangible), while indiscriminately involving architecture, humanities and social sciences, anthropology, sociology, ecology, biology, physical-mathematical sciences and neurosciences, with impacts that – while already visible today and accelerated in part by the extraordinary global health emergency – will become even more evident in the medium and long ter…

The impact of irreversible image data compression on post-processing algorithms in computed tomography

2020

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the influence of irreversible image compression at varying levels on image post-processing algorithms (3D volume rendering of angiographs, computer-assisted detection of lung nodules, segmentation and volumetry of liver lesions, and automated evaluation of functional cardiac imaging) in computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Uncompressed CT image data (30 angiographs of the lower limbs, 38 lung exams, 20 liver exams and 30 cardiac exams) were anonymized and subsequently compressed using the JPEG2000 algorithm with compression ratios of 8:1, 10:1, and 15:1. Volume renderings of CT angiographies obtained from compressed and uncompressed data were compared using objec…