Search results for "Lymphocyte Count"

Response-adjusted α-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients

2000

Abstract In patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection, responsiveness to the standard schedule of α-interferon (IFN) is unsatisfactory. To quantify the effectiveness of tailoring IFN dosage according to HCV viral load under treatment, we enrolled 41 patients (M/F 32/9) chronically coinfected by HCV and HIV with chronic liver disease. All were former i.v. drug addicts, with a mean age of 32±4 years, and had clinical and histological evidence of chronic hepatitis (10% with cirrhosis). The CDC stage was A1 in five, A2 in 14, A3 in eight, B2 in eight, B3 in three and C3 in three. Twenty four patients were on triple therapy with protease inhibitors, 11 were on two-drug anti-HIV regimen…

Plasma HIV-1 RNA and route of transmission in oral candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia

2000

Significance of increased blastic-appearing cells in bone marrow following myeloablative unrelated cord blood transplantation in adult patients.

2012

An abnormal increase of nonleukemic blastic-appearing lymphocytes in bone marrow (BM) specimens has been reported after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT). This study analyzed the incidence, chronology, biological features, and clinical significance of elevated numbers of these cells in a series of 165 consecutive adult patients demonstrating myeloid engraftment after myeloablative UCBT in a single institution. The patients' BM samples were routinely evaluated by cytomorphology at different time points after UCBT. When ≥5% of blastic-appearing cells were detected by cytomorphology in the BM, samples were also evaluated by multiparametric flow cytometry to characterize these cells. …

Focal lymphocytic aggregates in chronic hepatitis C: occurrence, immunohistochemical characterization, and relation to markers of autoimmunity.

1995

Intrahepatic lymphocytic aggregates are observed in chronic hepatitis C as well as in autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Autoantibodies and autoimmune manifestations may occur in hepatitis C. It has been suggested that the lymphocytic aggregates play a role in the liver injury of chronic hepatitis C by an immune-mediated mechanism. We studied the occurrence of intrahepatic lymphocytic aggregates and of autoantibodies in a consecutive series of 128 patients with chronic hepatitis C. For the phenotypic characterization of the lymphocytic aggregates cryostat sections and microwaved paraffin embedded sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets, B cells, kil…

Estimating minimum adult HIV prevalence: A cross-sectional study to assess the characteristics of people living with HIV in Italy

2015

In 2012, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study to assess the number of people living with HIV linked to care and, among these, the number of people on antiretroviral therapy. The health authority in each of the 20 Italian Regions provided the list of Public Infectious Diseases Clinics providing antiretroviral therapy and monitoring people with HIV infection. We asked every Public Infectious Diseases Clinic to report the number of HIV-positive people diagnosed and linked to care and the number of those on antiretroviral therapy during 2012. In 2012, 94,146 people diagnosed with HIV and linked to care were reported. The majority were males (70.1%), Italians (84.4%), and aged betw…

Criteria for defining a complete remission in acute myeloid leukaemia revisited. An analysis of patients treated in HOVON-SAKK co-operative group stu…

2005

Complete remission (CR) in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the primary endpoint for the evaluation of induction treatment and treatment strategies. However, the choice and application of the criteria for a haematological CR can often become a subject of debate because of regeneration more than 5% blasts may be present at the time of response evaluation; platelet and neutrophil recovery may be incomplete and marrow cellularity can vary. This study examined the individual parameters for CR in 1250 adult patients with de novo AML treated according to three successive study protocols. Patients with < or =5% blasts showed the best overall survival (OS) and the lowest relapse risk …

PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Gene Expression on T-Cells and Natural Killer Cells Declines in Conjunction with a Reduction in PD-1 Protein during the Intensi…

2015

Background The PD-1 axis is a cell intrinsic immunoregulatory pathway that mediates T cell exhaustion in chronic infection particularly in some viral infections. We hypothesized that PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 would be highly expressed in untreated tuberculosis patients compared to controls due to their chronic infection and would decrease with successful TB treatment. Materials and Methods Untreated tuberculosis patients (n = 26) were recruited at diagnosis and followed up during treatment. Household contacts (n = 24) were recruited to establish baseline differences. Blood gene expression ex vivo was investigated using qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to establish protein expression patter…

Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive …

2012

Background: The effect of drug resistance transmission on disease progression in the newly infected patient is not well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission. While compensatory mutations increase fitness during treatment, their presence may also modulate viral fitness and virulence in absence of therapy and major resistance mutations. We previously designed a modeling technique that quantifies genotypic footprints of in vivo treatment selective pressure, including both drug …

Circadian variations in antigen-specific proliferation of human T lymphocytes and correlation to cortisol production.

1995

Cortisol is a well-known immunosuppressant when used therapeutically. The present investigation was set out to study if diurnal variations in endogenous cortisol production are reflected by changes in proliferative responses of human lymphocytes to either a mitogen (phytohemagglutinin-A, PHA) or an antigen (tetanus toxoid, TT) stimulus. The study included eight healthy volunteers. Blood was withdrawn at 0200, 0600, 1000, and 1800h for preparation of lymphocytes and determination of cortisol in plasma. Isolated cells were incubated without (baseline activity) or with inclusion of either 1 micrograms PHA or 10 micrograms TT. Proliferation was measured by labelling with 3H-thymidine for 16 h o…

Candidal carriage in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus–infected subjects

2002

Abstract Objectives. We sought to assess asymptomatic oral carriage of Candida species and relative density in human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV+) subjects, as well as to determine whether yeast carriage is associated with CD4+cell count, HIV-1 RNA quantity, gender, route of HIV transmission, antiretroviral therapy, or smoking. Study Design. A cross-sectional analysis of oral rinses from HIV+ and healthy subjects was undertaken. Oral candidal carriage and relative species were investigated in 42 HIV+ and 41 healthy individuals, all of whom were seen at the Palermo University Department of Oral Sciences, Italy. Data were managed and analyzed by means of the computer software package…