Search results for "Lymphocyte"
showing 10 items of 2280 documents
T Helper Cell Subsets in the Pleural Fluid of Tuberculous Patients Differentiate Patients With Non-Tuberculous Pleural Effusions
2021
BackgroundTuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Tb). Patients with TPE or malignant pleural effusions (MPE) frequently have a similar lymphocytic pleural fluid profile. Since the etiology of PE in various diseases is different, identifying the cellular components may provide diagnostic clues for understanding the pathogenesis.ObjectiveWe determined the frequency of T helper (Th) subtypes in the PEs for differentiation of Tb and non-Tb patients.MethodsThirty patients with TPE, 30 patients with MPE, 14 patients with empyema (EMP), and 14 patients with parapneumonic effusion (PPE) were enrolled between December 2018 and December 2019…
Immunohistochemical evaluation of bone marrow lymphoid nodules in chronic myeloproliferative disorders
1991
One hundred and seventy bone marrow biopsies from patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) were evaluated for the presence of lymphoid nodules (LNs) and were immunostained using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (UCHL1, 4KB5 and L26) recognizing different lymphocyte antigens. LNs were found in 35% of cases of idiopathic thrombocythaemia, 24.6% of myelofibrosis/osteomyelosclerosis, 18.2% of polycythaemia vera 12.1% of chronic myeloid leukaemia and 19.2% of borderline cases. Varying degrees of immunohistochemical positivity for the three antibodies tested were found. LNs were always made up of variable proportions of both T- and B-lymphocytes with a prevalence of T-cells. Thi…
Inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking shields the brain against deleterious neuroinflammation after stroke
2011
T lymphocytes are increasingly recognized as key modulators of detrimental inflammatory cascades in acute ischaemic stroke, but the potential of T cell-targeted therapy in brain ischaemia is largely unexplored. Here, we characterize the effect of inhibiting leukocyte very late antigen-4 and endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-mediated brain invasion-currently the most effective strategy in primary neuroinflammatory brain disease in murine ischaemic stroke models. Very late antigen-4 blockade by monoclonal antibodies improved outcome in models of moderate stroke lesions by inhibiting cerebral leukocyte invasion and neurotoxic cytokine production without increasing the susceptibilit…
Phenotypical and functional analysis of memory and effector human CD8 T cells specific for mycobacterial antigens
2006
Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one-third of the global population and claims two million lives every year. Because memory CD8 T cells exhibit a high heterogeneity in terms of phenotype and functional characteristic, we investigated the frequency, phenotype, and functional properties of Ag85A epitope-specific HLA-A*0201 CD8 T cells in children affected by tuberculosis (TB) before and 4 mo after chemotherapy and healthy contact children. Using Ag85A peptide/HLA-A*0201 pentamer, we found a low frequency of blood peptide-specific CD8 T cells in tuberculous children before therapy, which consistently increased after therapy to levels detected in healthy contacts. Ex vivo analysis of…
RAPID AND EFFICIENT ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION OF A PROTECTIVE AND IMMUNODOMINANT HLA-B*27-RESTRICTED HEPATITIS C VIRUS-SPECIFIC CD8+T CELL …
2012
HLA-B*27 exerts protective effects in hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. While the immunological and virological features of HLA-B*27-mediated protection are not fully understood, there is growing evidence that the presentation of specific immunodominant HLA-B*27-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes contributes to this phenomenon in both infections. Indeed, protection can be linked to single immunodominant CD8+ T-cell epitopes and functional constraints on escape mutations within these epitopes. To better define the immunological mechanisms underlying HLA-B*27-mediated protection in HCV infection, we analyzed the functional avidity, functional profile, ant…
Patterns of Inflammatory Responses in Large and Small Airways in Smokers with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2010
<i>Background:</i> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive and irreversible airway obstruction. Smoking causes persistent inflammation in lung tissue. However, differences in inflammatory responses between the large and small airways have not been systematically explored among smokers with and without COPD. <i>Objectives:</i> The aim of our research was to characterise the expression and localisation of NF-ĸBp65 and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) as well as inflammatory cell (macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils) distribution in large and small airways, in nonsmokers and in smokers with and without COPD. <i>Methods:</i>…
Epigenetic Control of the foxp3 Locus in Regulatory T Cells
2007
Compelling evidence suggests that the transcription factor Foxp3 acts as a master switch governing the development and function of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, whether transcriptional control of Foxp3 expression itself contributes to the development of a stable Treg lineage has thus far not been investigated. We here identified an evolutionarily conserved region within the foxp3 locus upstream of exon-1 possessing transcriptional activity. Bisulphite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed complete demethylation of CpG motifs as well as histone modifications within the conserved region in ex vivo isolated Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ Tregs, but not in naïve CD25−CD4+ T cells. …
Low bone mineral density in HIV-positive young Italians and migrants.
2020
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals may have osteoporosis. We aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in naïve antiretroviral (ARV) treated HIV positive patients comparing native Italian group (ItG) to a Migrants group (MiG) upon arrival in Italy. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 83 HIV patients less than 50 years old. We used the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within six months from the HIV diagnosis. Participants were categorized as having low BMD if the femoral neck or total lumbar spine Z-score was– 2 or less. Results MiG showed low BMD more often than ItG (37.5% vs.13.6%), especially for the female gender (16.7% vs. 0.0%). …
Microbiota-Induced Type I Interferons Instruct a Poised Basal State of Dendritic Cells
2019
Summary Environmental signals shape host physiology and fitness. Microbiota-derived cues are required to program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) during the steady state so that they can promptly respond and initiate adaptive immune responses when encountering pathogens. However, the molecular underpinnings of microbiota-guided instructive programs are not well understood. Here, we report that the indigenous microbiota controls constitutive production of type I interferons (IFN-I) by plasmacytoid DCs. Using genome-wide analysis of transcriptional and epigenetic regulomes of cDCs from germ-free and IFN-I receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice, we found that tonic IFNAR signaling instructs a spec…
β2Integrin deficiency yields unconventional double-negative T cells distinct from mature classical natural killer T cells in mice
2009
Expressed on leucocytes, beta(2) integrins (CD11/CD18) are specifically involved in leucocyte function. Using a CD18-deficient (CD18(-/-)) mouse model, we here report on their physiological role in lymphocyte differentiation and trafficking. CD18(-/-) mice present with a defect in the distribution of lymphocytes with highly reduced numbers of naïve B and T lymphocytes in inguinal and axillary lymph nodes. In contrast, cervical lymph nodes were fourfold enlarged harbouring unconventional T-cell receptor-alphabeta (TCR-alphabeta) and TCR-gammadelta CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) (double-negative; DN) T cells that expanded in situ. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we found that these cells did not h…