Search results for "Lymphocytes"
showing 10 items of 1818 documents
Evaluation of Bone Marrow CD8+ tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Multiple Myeloma
2019
Background: CD8+ T cell responses are an essential component of the adaptive immune system. After resolution of infection a small population of memory cells is formed. In relation to circulatory patterns, different subsets of memory CD8+ T cells can be identified: the central memory (CM) and the effector memory T cells (EM) (Martin MD, et al., Front Immunol. 2018). In addition, it has been described a subset of resident memory T cells (TRM) permanently living in peripheral tissues, including the bone marrow (BM) (Di Rosa F., et al., Nat Rev Immunol. 2016). It is conceivable that these cells can contribute to the defence toward haematological tumours infiltrating the BM. Therefore, we perfor…
Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity
2002
Autoimmunity to thyroid antigens leads to two distinct pathogenic processes with opposing clinical outcomes: hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease. The high frequency of these diseases and easy accessibility of the thyroid gland has allowed the identification of key pathogenic mechanisms in organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In early investigations, antibody- and T-cell-mediated death mechanisms were proposed as being responsible for autoimmune thyrocyte depletion. Later, studies on apoptosis have provided new insights into autoimmune target destruction, indicating the involvement of death receptors and cytokine-regulated apoptotic pathways in the…
Germinal center B cells govern their own fate via antibody feedback
2013
High-affinity antibodies reenter germinal centers (GCs) and limit antigen access, thus causing sustained directional evolution in GCs toward higher-affinity antibody production.
Tubuloreticular structures (TRS) and cylindric confronting cisternae (CCC) in childhood dermatomyositis.
1989
Tubuloreticular structures (TRS) and cylindric confronting cisternae (CCC) have been observed in circulating lymphocytes and in the muscle of six children with dermatomyositis. The presence of TRS was seen in all cases investigated, the number of CCC increased in various cells with the severity of the disease. Extensive formation of TRS and CCC in childhood dermatomyositis probably reflects local or systemic alpha-interferon production and suggests that some viral factor is responsible for the disease.
V gamma 9V delta 2 T lymphocytes efficiently recognize and kill zoledronate-sensitized, imatinib-sensitive, and imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenou…
2010
Abstract Imatinib mesylate (imatinib), a competitive inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, is highly effective against chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. However, because 20–30% of patients affected by CML display either primary or secondary resistance to imatinib, intentional activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by phosphoantigens or by agents that cause their accumulation within cells, such as zoledronate, may represent a promising strategy for the design of a novel and highly innovative immunotherapy capable to overcome imatinib resistance. In this study, we show that Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize, trogocytose, and efficiently kill imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cell lines pre…
Immunology of human rickettsial diseases.
2008
Among human rickettsial diseases caused by micro-organisms of the genus Rickettsia (Order Rickettsiales; Family Rickettsiaceae), transmitted to human hosts through arthropod vectors, Mediterranean Spotted Fever, or Boutonneuse Fever, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever are considered to be important infectious diseases due to continued prevalence in the developed world, and potentially fatal outcome in severe cases. Proliferation of rickettsiae, at the site of the tick bite, results in focal epidermal and dermal necrosis (tache noire). Rickettsiae then spread via lymphatic vessels to the regional lymph nodes, and, via the bloodstream, to skin, brain, lungs, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys. Th…
Editorial: Understanding Gamma Delta T Cell Multifunctionality - Towards Immunotherapeutic Applications.
2020
Introduction: gd T cells have been characterized by the expression of a gd T cell receptor (TCR).When the gd TCR and the corresponding ab TCR were first discovered it was assumed that the corresponding cell types were likely to be functionally very similar. However, some 30 years later, we have realized that they are not. Unlike ab T cells, gd T cells (i) sense target antigens independent of MHC molecules; (ii) display NK-cell like innate reactivities, including killing of infected cells as well as microbes; (iii) are able to take up large particulates, including bacteria, and (iv) can act as professional antigen presenting cells. The “stress sensing” abilities of gd T cells have led to a g…
Reciprocal influence of B cells and tumor macro and microenvironments in the ApcMin/+ model of colorectal cancer
2017
One of the most fascinating aspects of the immune system is its dynamism, meant as the ability to change and readapt according to the organism needs. Following an insult, we assist to the spontaneous organization of different immune cells which cooperate, locally and at distance, to build up an appropriate response. Throughout tumor progression, adaptations within the systemic tumor environment, or macroenvironment, result in the promotion of tumor growth, tumor invasion and metastasis to distal organs, but also to dramatic changes in the activity and composition of the immune system. In this work, we show the changes of the B-cell arm of the immune system following tumor progression in the…
Tumor lymphocyte immune response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: The LYMPHOREC study
2017
IF 7.719; International audience; Introduction: Some studies have suggested that baseline tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes (TILs), such as CD8+ and FoxP3+ T-cells, may be associated with a better prognosis in colorectal cancer. We sought to investigate modulation of the immune response by preoperative radiotherapy (preopRT) and its impact on survival in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Materials & Methods: We analyzed data for 237 patients with LARC who received RT. Density of TILS (CD8+ and FoxP3+) in intraepithelial (iTILs) and stromal compartments (sTILs) were evaluated from surgery pathological specimens and biopsies performed at baseline. The primary endpoint was to assess the impa…
RUNX3 and T-Bet in Immunopathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis—Novel Targets for Therapy?
2019
Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is polygenic with more than 100 genes identified to date. These include HLA-B27 and the aminopeptidases (ERAP1, ERAP2, and LNPEPS), which are involved in antigen processing and presentation to T-cells, and several genes (IL23R, IL6R, STAT3, JAK2, IL1R1/2, IL12B, and IL7R) involved in IL23 driven pathways of inflammation. AS is also strongly associated with polymorphisms in two transcription factors, RUNX3 and T-bet (encoded by TBX21), which are important in T-cell development and function. The influence of these genes on the pathogenesis of AS and their potential for identifying drug targets is discussed here.