Search results for "M2"
showing 10 items of 256 documents
Early stage human colorectal cancer: prognostic value of nm23-H1 protein overexpression
1997
Nm23 gene codifies for a nucleoside diphosphate kinase allowing the intracellular transduction of the signals. In colorectal cancer nm23 protein expression seems related to the progression of the disease. By immunohistochemistry we have studied the intracytoplasmatic nm23 H1 protein expression in 20 patients affected by colorectal cancer at initial stage. In 12 cases it resulted elevated and in four the disease recurred. The overexpression was not correlated with other prognostic factors. Nm23 H1-positive patients affected by colorectal cancer at initial stage could be considered at risk for disease recurrence and included in a more frequent follow-up protocol.
Association of a variant in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 gene (CHRM2 ) with nicotine addiction
2009
Genetic factors contribute to the overall risk of developing nicotine addiction, which is the major cause of preventable deaths in western countries. However, knowledge regarding specific polymorphisms influencing smoking phenotypes remains scarce. In the present study we provide evidence that a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5′ untranslated region of CHRM2, the gene coding for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 is associated with nicotine addiction. CHRM2 was defined as a candidate gene for nicotine addiction based on previous evidence that linked variations in CHRM2 to alcohol and drug dependence. A total of more than 5,500 subjects representative of the German po…
Macrophage phenotype in the subclinical gut inflammation of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
2014
OBJECTIVE: Long-term evolution of subclinical gut inflammation to overt Crohn's disease (CD) has been described in AS patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate macrophage polarization occurring in the inflamed gut of patients with AS. METHODS: Twenty-seven HLA-B27(+) AS patients, 20 CD patients and 17 normal controls were consecutively enrolled. Classic M1 (iNOS(+)IL-10(-)), resolution phase (iNOS(+)IL-10(+)), M2 and CD14(+) macrophages were characterized by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Quantitative gene expression analysis of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-33 and STAT6 was performed by real time PCR. RESULTS: Classic M1 macrophages were expanded in CD and AS, where resolution phas…
MRI in DNM2-related centronuclear myopathy: Evidence for highly selective muscle involvement
2006
Dynamin 2 has recently been recognized as a causative gene for the autosomal dominant form of centronuclear myopathy (dominant centronuclear myopathy). Here we report an affected father and daughter with dynamin 2 related AD CNM with predominantly distal onset of weakness. In addition to the diagnostic central location of myonuclei the muscle biopsy also showed core-like structures. Muscle MRI in the lower leg revealed prominent involvement of the soleus, but also of the gastrocnemius and the tibialis anterior whereas in the thigh there was a consistent pattern of selective involvement of adductor longus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius with relative …
PTCH-1 and MDM2 expression in ameloblastoma from a West African sub-population: implication for chemotherapeutics
2015
INTRODUCTION: ameloblastoma is a slow growing, painless odontogenic swelling which can attain sizes that result in severe deformities of the craniofacial complex. It is the most commonly encountered odontogenic tumor in Nigeria. Surgical intervention is currently the method of treatment; however identification of altered molecular pathways may inform chemotherapeutic potential. The Protein Patched homolog 1 (PTCH-1) is overexpressed in ameloblastoma. Also, mutation in the MDM2 gene can reduce the tumor suppressor function of p53 and promote ameloblastoma growth. No study however has characterized the molecular profile of African cases of ameloblastoma with a view to developing chemotherapeu…
Blockade of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors facilitates spontaneous migration of human peripheral granulocytes: failure in cystic fibrosis.
2012
Circulating leucocytes express muscarinic (m) and nicotinic (n) receptors and synthesize acetylcholine (ACh) regulating various cell functions. Leucocytes from patients with cystic fibrosis contain less ACh; therefore it was tested whether the regulation of cellular functions like migration differed from healthy volunteers.Peripheral blood (10-20 ml) was used, leucocytes were isolated by Ficoll® gradient and the commercial MIGRATEST® combined with flow cytometric analysis was applied (pore size 3 μm).In the absence of test substances 4900±1800 (n=10) leucocytes migrated within a time period of 2 h. In the presence of tubocurarine (TC, 30 μM) the cell number increased to 7500±2700 [n=10] cor…
Mutations in the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene in patients with actin myopathy and nemaline myopathy
1999
Muscle contraction results from the force generated between the thin filament protein actin and the thick filament protein myosin, which causes the thick and thin muscle filaments to slide past each other. There are skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and non-muscle isoforms of both actin and myosin. Inherited diseases in humans have been associated with defects in cardiac actin (dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), cardiac myosin (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) and non-muscle myosin (deafness). Here we report that mutations in the human skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene (ACTA1) are associated with two different muscle diseases, 'congenital myopathy with excess o…
Cannabinoid and nitric oxide signaling interplay in the modulation of hippocampal hyperexcitability: study on electrophysiological and behavioral mod…
2015
A growing bulk of evidence suggests that cannabinoid system plays a pivotal role in the control of hyperexcitability phenomena. Notwithstanding, the anticonvulsant action of cannabinoids has not been fully addressed, in particular the involvement of potential cellular neuromodulators, for instance nitric oxide. In the current study, we focused on two distinct rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy, the Maximal Dentate Activation and the pilocarpine-induced acute seizures, providing both electrophysiological and behavioral data on cannabinoid and nitrergic system interplay. We evaluated the antiepileptic effects of WIN 55,212-2, (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4- morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,…
Evidences of cannabinoids-induced modulation of paroxysmal events in an experimental model of partial epilepsy in the rat.
2009
The anticonvulsant effect of cannabinoids (CB) has been shown to be mediated by the activation of the CB(1) receptor. This study evaluates the anticonvulsant activity of (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-Yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN55,212-2, CB agonist) alone or preceded by the administration of N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251, selective CB(1) antagonist) in an experimental in vivo model of complex partial seizures (maximal dentate gyrus activation - MDA) in the rat. WIN55,212-2 (21mgkg(-1)) exerted an anticonvulsant effect, significantly reduced by the pre-treatme…
Glycopyrronium bromide blocks differentially responses mediated by muscarinic receptor subtypes.
1993
To analyse the potency of glycopyrronium bromide in blocking responses mediated via subtypes of muscarinic receptors in vitro, we tried to determine its equilibrium dissociation constants at prejunctional muscarinic receptors inhibiting the twitch response of rabbit vas deferens (presumed M1 type), at M2 (paced at left atria), M3 (guinea pig ileum) muscarinic receptor subtypes and at the muscarinic receptor of the rabbit iris sphincter (not M1-M4, not m5). Glycopyrronium bromide shifted to the right the curve for inhibition of the twitch response induced by the agonist McN-A-343, and the methacholine-induced curves for inhibition of rat atrial contraction, and for tonic contraction of guine…