Search results for "MAGNETIC FIELD"

showing 10 items of 1488 documents

Magnetic shielding of soft protons in future X-ray telescopes: the case of the ATHENA Wide Field Imager

2018

Both the interplanetary space and the Earth magnetosphere are populated by low energy ($\leq300$ keV) protons that are potentially able to scatter on the reflecting surface of Wolter-I optics of X-ray focusing telescopes and reach the focal plane. This phenomenon, depending on the X-ray instrumentation, can dramatically increase the background level, reducing the sensitivity or, in the most extreme cases, compromising the observation itself. The use of a magnetic diverter, deflecting protons away from the field of view, requires a detailed characterization of their angular and energy distribution when exiting the mirror. We present the first end-to-end Geant4 simulation of proton scattering…

PhysicsField (physics)ProtonAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaAstrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsMagnetosphereFOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and AstrophysicsX-ray telescopeField of view01 natural sciencesComputational physicsMagnetic field010309 opticsCardinal pointSpace and Planetary Science0103 physical sciencesElectromagnetic shieldinginstrumentation: miscellaneous – telescopesAstrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsInstrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
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Field-assisted photodetachment process to observe the ponderomotive shift

1994

Two-color photodetachment of a negative ion in the presence of a constant magnetic field is proposed as a process in which to observe the ponderomotive shift. Appropriate calculations are reported of the process under consideration based on a simple one-electron model and with the basic physical parameters well within the experimental state of the art.

PhysicsField (physics)Scientific methodAtomic physicsConstant (mathematics)Atomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsIonMagnetic fieldPhysical Review A
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3D MHD lead–lithium liquid metal flow analysis and experiments in a Test-Section of multiple rectangular bends at moderate to high Hartmann numbers

2013

Abstract Experiments with liquid lead–lithium (Pb–Li) were carried out in a stainless steel (SS) Test Section (TS) consisting of multiple 90° bends for various flow rates and applied magnetic fields of up to 4 T. Characteristic MHD flow parameter Hartmann number, Ha ( = B 0 a σ / μ , Ha2 is the ratio of electromagnetic force to viscous force) and interaction parameter, N ( = σ a B 0 2 / ρ U , N is the ratio of electromagnetic force to inertial force) of these experiments were varied from Ha = 515 to 2060 and N = 25 to 270 by changing the applied magnetic field and flow rates respectively. Three dimensional numerical simulations have been carried out using MHD module of FLUENT code. The meas…

PhysicsField (physics)Turbulencebusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringLaminar flowMechanicsHartmann numberMagnetic fieldPhysics::Fluid DynamicsOpticsNuclear Energy and EngineeringFictitious forceGeneral Materials ScienceElectric potentialMagnetohydrodynamicsbusinessCivil and Structural EngineeringFusion Engineering and Design
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Probing Rydberg atoms through collisions with helium in the presence of static electric and magnetic fields

2005

We report on field induced inelasticity effects in state-to-state transitions caused by collisions of helium with Rydberg atoms in the presence of parallel static electric and magnetic fields. Due to the phases accumulated by the wavefunctions of the states involved into the collision events, the transition cross sections plotted as a function of the external fields exhibit modulations. When the relative velocity of the colliding atoms is high enough, these modulations are wiped out, while sizable modifications of the cross sections may take place due to the alteration of the wavefunctions' spatial localization. The possibility of using the field-assisted collisions as a probe giving inform…

PhysicsField (physics)photodetachmentchemistry.chemical_elementCondensed Matter Physicselectric fieldsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsMagnetic fielddetached electronsymbols.namesakechemistryElectric fieldRydberg atomRydberg formulasymbolsPhysics::Atomic PhysicsAtomic physicsWave functionHeliumExcitationJournal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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Quantum dots in magnetic fields: Unrestricted symmetries in the current spin-density functional formalism

1999

We apply the current spin-density functional formalism (CSDFT) of Vignale and Rasolt to two-dimensional quantum dots in magnetic fields. Avoiding any spatial symmetry restrictions of the solutions, we find that a broken rotational symmetry of the electronic charge density can occur in high magnetic fields.

PhysicsFormalism (philosophy of mathematics)Condensed matter physicsQuantum dotQuantum mechanicsHomogeneous spaceRotational symmetryTime-dependent density functional theoryElectronic charge densitySpin densityAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsMagnetic fieldThe European Physical Journal D
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GW quasiparticle energies of atoms in strong magnetic fields

2019

Quasiparticle energies of the atoms H–Ne have been computed in the GW approximation in the presence of strong magnetic fields with field strengths varying from 0 to 0.25 atomic units (0.25 B 0 =0.25 ℏe −1 a −2 0 ≈58 763 0.25 B0=0.25 ℏe−1a0−2≈58 763 T). The GW quasiparticle energies are compared with equation-of-motion ionization-potential (EOM-IP) coupled-cluster singles-and-doubles (CCSD) calculations of the first ionization energies. The best results are obtained with the evGW@PBE0 method, which agrees with the EOM-IP-CCSD model to within about 0.20 eV. Ionization potentials have been calculated for all atoms in the series, representing the first systematic study of ionization potentials …

PhysicsGW approximation010304 chemical physicsField (physics)General Physics and AstronomyField strengthElectron010402 general chemistry01 natural sciences7. Clean energy0104 chemical sciencesMagnetic fieldIonization0103 physical sciencesPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersQuasiparticlePhysics::Atomic PhysicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsIonization energyThe Journal of Chemical Physics
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Shapes of a gas bubble rising in the vertical Hele–Shaw cell with magnetic liquid

2005

Abstract Dynamics of the bubble rising in the vertical Hele–Shaw cell with magnetic liquid in the normal magnetic field is studied. Linear stability analysis of the circular shape is carried out. Development of the instability with respect to the lowest symmetric mode is simulated by the boundary integral equation technique.

PhysicsGas bubbleBubbleMechanicsCondensed Matter PhysicsInstabilityIntegral equationElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsMagnetic fieldCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterPhysics::Fluid DynamicsBoundary integral equationsClassical mechanicsHele-Shaw flowLinear stabilityJournal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
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Numerical 3+1 general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics: a local characteristic approach

2005

We present a general procedure to solve numerically the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) equations within the framework of the 3+1 formalism. The work reported here extends our previous investigation in general relativistic hydrodynamics (Banyuls et al. 1997) where magnetic fields were not considered. The GRMHD equations are written in conservative form to exploit their hyperbolic character in the solution procedure. All theoretical ingredients necessary to build up high-resolution shock-capturing schemes based on the solution of local Riemann problems (i.e. Godunov-type schemes) are described. In particular, we use a renormalized set of regular eigenvectors of the flux Jac…

PhysicsGeneral relativityAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaAstrophysics (astro-ph)FOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstrophysicsGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)AstrophysicsGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyMagnetic fieldRiemann hypothesissymbols.namesakeClassical mechanicsRotating black holeSpace and Planetary ScienceMagnetorotational instabilitysymbolsSchwarzschild metricMagnetohydrodynamicsEigenvalues and eigenvectors
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Gravitational radiation from the magnetic field of a strongly magnetized star

2003

We consider the electromagnetic (e.m.) field of a compact strongly magnetized star. The star is idealized as a perfect conducting sphere, rigidly rotating in a vacuum, with a magnetic moment not aligned with its rotation axis. Then we use the exterior e.m. solution, obtained by Deutsch (1955) in his classic paper, to calculate the gravitational waves emitted by the e.m. field when its wavelength is much longer than the radius of the star. In some astrophysical situations, this gravitational radiation can overcome the quadrupole one emitted by the matter of the star, and, for some magnetars, would be detectable in the near future, once the present detectors, planned or under construction, be…

PhysicsGravitational waveStellar rotationX-ray binaryAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstrophysicsNeutronCompact starUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogonia [UNESCO]Gravitational energyGravitational wavesNeutron starSpace and Planetary ScienceMagnetic fieldsExotic starUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogonia:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA [UNESCO]Gravitational redshiftGravitational waves ; Magnetic fields ; Neutron
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F-resolved magneto-optical resonances in theD1excitation of cesium: Experiment and theory

2008

Bright and dark nonlinear magneto-optical resonances associated with the ground state Hanle effect have been studied experimentally and theoretically for ${D}_{1}$ excitation of atomic cesium. This system offers the advantage that the separation between the different hyperfine levels exceeds the Doppler width, and hence transitions between individual levels can be studied separately. At the same time, the system retains the advantages offered by ordinary glass cells, including simplicity and subnatural width Hanle resonances. Experimental measurements for various laser power densities and transit relaxation times are compared with a model based on the optical Bloch equations, which averages…

PhysicsHanle effectRelaxation (NMR)ResonancePhysics::Atomic PhysicsAtomic physicsHyperfine structureAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsExcitationSpectral lineMagnetic fieldDoppler broadeningPhysical Review A
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