Search results for "MEDIO AMBIENTE"
showing 10 items of 1059 documents
La situació sociodemogràfica de la immigració a les comarques del País Valencià
2008
En el present treball, realitzem un acostament a la realitat sociodemogràfica de la immigració al País Valencià. La diversitat del nostre territori requereix d´una mirada comarcal a l´hora d´abordar els processos d´arribada i assentament de la població immigrada que hi viu entre nosaltres. A partir de les dades del padró municipal hem establert una quàdruple tipologia de comarques atenent a la incidència i tipus d´immigració que es dona en cadascuna de les mateixes. L´anàlisi descriptiu que presentem pretén ser d´utilitat per a emmarcar estudis sobre els processos d´inserció dels immigrants no comunitaris a les diferents comarques del País Valencià.
Designing an AnMBR-based WWTP for energy recovery from urban wastewater: The role of primary settling and anaerobic digestion
2015
The main objective of this paper is to assess different treatment schemes for designing a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) based WWTP. The economic impact of including a primary settling (PS) stage and further anaerobic digestion (AD) of the wasted sludge has been evaluated. The following operating scenarios were considered: sulphate-rich and low-sulphate urban wastewater (UWW) treatment at 15 and 30 ºC. To this aim, the optimum combination of design/operating parameters that resulted in minimum total cost (CAPEX plus OPEX) for the different schemes and scenarios was determined. The AnMBR design was based on both simulation and experimental results from an AnMBR plant featuri…
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for resource recovery from municipal wastewater: a comprehensive review of recent advances
2021
[EN] In a paradigm shift towards a sustainable society based on the Circular Economy, wastewater treatments are rapidly evolving towards simultaneous recovery and reuse of clean water, renewable energy, and nutrients. This review examines recent advances (from 2016 to 2020) in the potential of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) to serve as the core technology for municipal wastewater (MWW) resource recovery, focusing on the latest technological advances and economic and environmental innovation perspectives. The potentials and limitations of AnMBR for further full-scale application and new platforms to address these challenges are discussed, covering systems based on co-digestion, pre-…
DSC: software tool for simulation-based design of control strategies applied to wastewater treatment plants.
2011
This paper presents a computer tool called DSC (Simulation based Controllers Design) that enables an easy design of control systems and strategies applied to wastewater treatment plants. Although the control systems are developed and evaluated by simulation, this tool aims to facilitate the direct implementation of the designed control system to the PC of the full-scale WWTP (wastewater treatment plants). The designed control system can be programmed in a dedicated control application and can be connected to either the simulation software or the SCADA of the plant. To this end, the developed DSC incorporates an OPC server (OLE for process control) which facilitates an open-standard communic…
Instrumentation, control, and automation for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors
2015
A submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) demonstration plant with two commercial hollow-fibre ultrafiltration systems (PURON® , Koch Membrane Systems, PUR-PSH31) was designed and operated for urban wastewater treatment. An instrumentation, control, and automation (ICA) system was designed and implemented for proper process performance. Several single-input-single-output (SISO) feedback control loops based on conventional on off and PID algorithms were implemented to control the following operating variables: flow-rates (influent, permeate, sludge recycling and wasting, and recycled biogas through both reactor and membrane tanks), sludge wasting volume, temperature, transmembrane pr…
Global sensitivity analysis of a filtration model for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR)
2014
The results of a global sensitivity analysis of a filtration model for submerged anaerobic MBRs (AnMBRs) are assessed in this paper. This study aimed to (1) identify the less- (or non-) influential factors of the model in order to facilitate model calibration and (2) validate the modelling approach (i.e. to determine the need for each of the proposed factors to be included in the model). The sensitivity analysis was conducted using a revised version of the Morris screening method. The dynamic simulations were conducted using long-term data obtained from an AnMBR plant fitted with industrial-scale hollow-fibre membranes. Of the 14 factors in the model, six were identified as influential, i.e…
Mathematical modelling of filtration in submerged anaerobic MBRs (SAnMBRs): long-term validation
2013
The aim of this study was the long-term validation of a model capable of reproducing the filtration process occurring in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) system. The proposed model was validated using data obtained horn a SAnMBR demonstration plant fitted with industrial-scale hollow-fibre membranes. The validation was carried out using both lightly and heavily fouled membranes operating at different bulk concentrations, gas sparging intensities and transmembrane fluxes. Across a broad spectrum of operating conditions, the model correctly forecast the respective experimental data in the long term. The simulation results revealed the importance of controlling irreversible f…
Application of the Morris method for screening the influential parameters of fuzzy controllers applied to wastewater treatment plants
2011
In this paper,we evaluate the application of a sensitivity analysis to help fine-tuning a fuzzy controller for a biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal (BNPR) plant. TheMorris Screeningmethod is proposed and evaluated as a prior step to obtain the parameter significance ranking. First, an iterative procedure has been performed in order to find out the proper repetition number of the elementary effects (r) of the method. The optimal repetition number found in this study (r = 60) is in direct contrast to previous applications of the Morris method, which usually use low repetition number, e.g. r = 10 ~ 20. Working with a non-proper repetition number (r) could lead to Type I error (identify…
Tecnología de biorreactores anaerobios de membrana (AnMBR) para tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas y reutilización de agua en agricultura. Una s…
2018
La combinación de la tecnología de biorreactores anaerobios de membrana (AnMBR, por sus siglas en inglés) para el tratamiento de aguas residuales y la reutilización de su efluente en agricultura da como resultado un concepto más sostenible para la depuración, donde las aguas residuales se convierten en una fuente de energía (biogás) y nutrientes (nitrógeno y fósforo) a la vez que se genera un recurso alternativo de agua que puede ayudar a paliar la escasez a la que nos enfrentamos a nivel global. Sin embargo, para aprovechar los beneficios del agua regenerada y los recursos recuperados de las aguas residuales se necesitan políticas inteligentes que brinden flexibilidad para la implementació…
La geografía en la E. G. B: Un ejemplo de descoordinación entre programas renovados y libros de texto
1985
Este trabajo explica el sentido que ha de tener la Geografía en la E.G.B. y los contenidos a estudiar según los Programas Renovados, por un lado; y el enfoque y contenidos de la Geografía que hay que estudiar según los libros de texto, por otro. A través del análisis de las distintas capacidades y contenidos que se plantean, se observa: 1.º Que la Geografía presentada por los Programas Renovados no se adapta plenamente a las exigencias de la sociedad y realizadas actuales; 2.º Que existe una descoordinación entre Programas Renovados y libros de texto; 3.º Que los libros de texto no trabajan aquellos objetivos para los que sus autores afirman que han sido editados. Por tanto, podremos utiliz…