Search results for "MEL"
showing 10 items of 6009 documents
Low-density-lipoprotein peak particle size in a Mediterranean population
2003
Background The predominance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (‘LDL phenotype B’) has been associated with a three-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction, but the feasibility of the identification of small, dense LDL as independent predictors of coronary artery disease risk in population studies remains questioned. Design We evaluated the LDL peak particle size and its relation with other established risk factors for coronary heart disease in a group of 156 randomized subjects living on the Mediterranean island of Ustica (71 males and 85 women, range of age 20–69 years), representing approximately 30% of the total population. Results The prevalence of LDL phenoty…
Exploring Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for Organ Protection in COVID-19
2020
Hospital admissions and mortality from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are spreading throughout the world, and second and third waves are thought to be likely. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 include diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Currently, there is no vaccine and no approved therapy. Therapeutic approaches are aimed at preventing viral replication and spread, limiting the impact of the inflammatory overdrive (cytokine storm), preventing thromboembolic complications and replacing or supporting organ function. However, despite organ support, mortality is currently 65% for those receiving advanced respiratory support and 78% for those requiring…
Mitochondria as a Target for Future Diabetes Treatments
2015
Diabetes mellitus is rapidly becoming the world’s most dangerous serial killer. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a currently incurable autoimmune disease marked by progressive, and eventually exhaustive, destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) describes the combination of insulin resistance in peripheral tissue, insufficient insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells, and excessive glucagon secretion from the pancreatic alpha cells. T1D as well as severe cases of T2D are treated with insulin replacement, which can merely be considered as life support for the acute phases of the disease. Islet replacement of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells repr…
Relationship between maximal fat oxidation and oxygen uptake: comparison between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy sedentary subjects
2014
The contribution of fat oxidation to energy production during exercise is influenced by intensity of exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the highest value of fat oxidation rate (FATmax) and the oxygen uptake (VO2) in sedentary type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients vs healthy sedentary subjects. Sedentary T2D patients and healthy sedentary subjects were evaluated to a graded exercise test, and oxygen uptake and fat oxidation rate were detected. Data show that in T2D patients fat oxidation rate is not impaired and the positive linear correlation between FATmax and both VO2 and VO2max suggests that even in T2D patients the muscle oxidative capacity might increase in…
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Consensus Statement by the …
2010
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society created a panel to provide evidence-based reviews of studies assessing PCOS-CVD risk relationships and to develop guidelines for preventing CVD.An expert panel in PCOS and CVD reviewed literature and presented recommendations.Only studies comparing PCOS with control patients were included. All electronic databases were searched; reviews included individual studies/databases, systematic reviews, abstracts, and expert data. Articles were excluded if other hyperandrogenic disorders were not excluded, PCOS diagnosis was unclear, co…
Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome.
2008
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in humans, affecting approximately 7-8% of women of reproductive age. Despite the criteria adopted, PCOS is considered to be a predominantly hyperandrogenetic syndrome and the evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity is not mandatory. Most women with PCOS also exhibit features of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia. While the association with type 2 diabetes is well established, whether the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increased in women with PCOS remains unclear. Acknowledging the strong impact of insulin-resistance in the genesis of PCOS co…
Diabetes technologies in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and disordered eating: A systematic review on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion,…
2021
Aims In this systematic review, we aimed (1) to identify and describe research investigating the use of advanced diabetes technologies (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII; continuous glucose monitoring, CGM; automated insulin delivery, AID) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and disordered eating and (2) to discuss potential (dis)advantages of diabetes technology use in this population, derived from previous research. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search in two electronic databases for English language articles published between 2000 and 2020 addressing eating disorders and/or dysfunctional eating behaviours and diabetes technology use in children, adolescents …
Impact of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Metabolic Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
2021
Abstract Objective Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The published prevelance in epidemiological studies in this high risk population exceeds 70%. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the impact of NAFLD on T2D patients in Germany. Methods Using the Disease Analyzer Database (IQVIA), T2D patients with NAFLD diagnosed in Germany were matched to a cohort without NAFLD controlling for age, sex, physician, index year and metabolic comorbidities and assessed for their risk of developing myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or chronic kidney disease, as well as the type …
American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College Of Endocrinology, And Androgen Excess And Pcos Society Disease State Clinical Rev…
2015
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is recognized as the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women around the world. This document, produced by the collaboration of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society (AES) aims to highlight the most important clinical issues confronting physicians and their patients with PCOS. It is a summary of current best practices in 2015. PCOS has been defined using various criteria, including menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM). General agreement exists among specialty society guidelines that the diagnosis of PCOS must be based on the presence o…
Gestational diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: Can obesity and small, dense low density lipoproteins be key mediators of this association?
2013
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a condition of glucose intolerance with first appearance or recognition at the time of a pregnancy, associated with an inadequate pancreatic response to the advanced insulin resistance of the later stages of pregnancy, and accompanied by enhancing β-cell mass and secretion of insulin. Women who had GDM exhibit a higher risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Additionally, previous GDM has been proposed as independently correlated with higher risk for development of atherosclerosis in a healthy population, similar to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and independently of the presence of established…